Table 1.

Characteristics of studies with the galantamine and memantine combination for cognitive impairments in elderly people.

Studies	Age (years) Mean ± SD	Target population	Sample size	Study design	Intervention dose	Outcome
Peters et al., 2012 Germany	67.4 ± 7.8	Subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairments	232 (placebo = 79, galantamine = 75, galantamine + memantine = 78)	Randomized controlled trial (2 years)	Galantamine 8 mg BID + memantine 10 mg BID versus galantamine 8 mg BID versus placebo	At 6 months, only the subgroup of AD prodrome (N = 39) treated with the combination treatment showed significant benefit from medications; cognitive decline occurred after discontinuation of galantamine. Cognitive improvement was numerically larger in the combination treatment group than in the galantamine group. Placebo: − 4.5/1/0.5^a Galantamine: − 1.25/1/1.25^a Combination: 0.75/2.5/4.75^a (ADAS-cog presented as P25/median/P75) P < 0.05
Matsuzono et al., 2015 Japan	78.9 ± 7.1	Subjects with a diagnosis of AD	Among 123 patients, 64 (52%) were treated with donepezil plus memantine and 59 (48%) with galantamine plus memantine. Nine patients dropped out due to side effects.	Retrospective cohort study (1.5 years follow-up)	All received ChEI for 6 months. Then, memantine 5–20 mg was added for 12 weeks. The average daily dose of donepezil was 7 ± 2.5 mg, memantine was 16.7 ± 5.2 mg (average of 2 groups), and galantamine was 17.8 ± 4.6 mg.	ChEI reduced the MMSE score by 1.7 (P < 0.001), HDS-R by 1.8 (P < 0.05), and FAB by 0.8 (P < 0.05). After the addition of memantine, the galantamine + memantine group showed significantly better preservation of cognitive function compared to donepezil + memantine in MMSE score at 3 months (21 versus 14, P < 0.05), HDS-R score at 12 months (11 versus, 9, P < 0.05), and FAB score at 3 months (15 versus 9, P < 0.05).

AD: Alzheimer disease.

ADAS-cog: Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive.

BID = twice daily.

ChEI: cholinesterase inhibitor.

FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery.

HDS-R: Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale-Revised.

MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.

P25 is 25th percentile and P75 is 75th percentile.