Table 2.
Factors associated with recurrence‐free and melanoma‐specific survival
| RFS | MSS | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariable | Univariate | Multivariable | |||||||
| n | HR (95% CI) | P‐value | HR (95% CI) | P‐value | n | HR (95% CI) | P‐value | HR (95% CI) | P‐value | |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female (Ref) | 785 | – | – | – | – | 781 | – | – | ||
| Male | 1098 | 1.82 (1.50, 2.21) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.05, 1.61) | 0.017 | 1097 | 1.65 (1.24, 2.19) | <0.001 | NI | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| <40 (Ref) | 382 | – | – | – | – | 382 | – | – | – | – |
| 40–60 | 826 | 1.97 (1.38, 2.82) | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.14, 2.45) | 0.009 | 824 | 2.46 (1.47, 4.14) | <0.001 | 1.88 (1.09, 3.24) | 0.022 |
| >60 | 675 | 5.39 (3.82, 7.58) | <0.001 | 4.03 (2.77, 5.85) | <0.001 | 672 | 4.39 (2.63, 7.31) | <0.001 | 3.23 (1.88, 5.55) | <0.001 |
| Primary site | ||||||||||
| Trunk (Ref) | 790 | – | – | – | – | 790 | – | – | – | – |
| Head Neck | 344 | 2.02 (1.62, 2.52) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.04, 1.72) | 0.024 | 344 | 1.82 (1.31, 2.53) | <0.001 | 1.17 (0.80, 1.72) | 0.42 |
| Upper limb | 359 | 0.84 (0.64, 1.10) | 0.21 | 0.74 (0.55, 0.99) | 0.040 | 356 | 0.56 (0.35, 0.89) | 0.015 | 0.50 (0.31, 0.83) | 0.007 |
| Lower limb | 390 | 1.06 (0.82, 1.35) | 0.67 | 0.79 (0.58, 1.07) | 0.13 | 388 | 1.22 (0.86, 1.72) | 0.26 | 0.66 (0.42, 1.01) | 0.06 |
| Subtype | ||||||||||
| SSM (Ref) | 1127 | – | – | – | – | 1127 | – | – | – | – |
| NM | 316 | 1.80 (1.43, 2.28) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.59, 1.01) | 0.06 | 312 | 1.97 (1.39, 2.79) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.49, 1.06) | 0.10 |
| LMM | 117 | 2.11 (1.50, 2.96) | <0.001 | 1.32 (0.90, 1.94) | 0.15 | 116 | 1.69 (0.95, 3.02) | 0.08 | 1.31 (0.69, 2.47) | 0.41 |
| ALM | 89 | 3.38 (2.45, 4.67) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.40, 3.13) | <0.001 | 88 | 5.04 (3.32, 7.65) | <0.001 | 3.19 (1.87, 5.45) | <0.001 |
| Unclassified | 218 | 1.84 (1.41, 2.40) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.76, 1.38) | 0.90 | 219 | 2.10 (1.42, 3.09) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.61, 1.48) | 0.81 |
| Tumor thickness | ||||||||||
| T1a (Ref) | 428 | – | – | – | – | 428 | – | – | – | – |
| T1b | 286 | 1.24 (0.80, 1.92) | 0.34 | 0.84 (0.47, 1.50) | 0.55 | 285 | 3.58 (1.12, 11.41) | 0.031 | 1.79 (0.47, 6.87) | 0.39 |
| T2 | 550 | 2.51 (1.78, 3.54) | <0.001 | 1.20 (0.73, 1.96) | 0.47 | 549 | 11.18 (4.06, 30.80) | <0.001 | 3.69 (1.12, 12.20) | 0.032 |
| T3 | 387 | 5.78 (4.14, 8.07) | <0.001 | 1.82 (1.08, 3.07) | 0.025 | 386 | 28.67 (10.53, 78.04) | <0.001 | 5.54 (1.64, 18.66) | 0.006 |
| T4 | 180 | 7.57 (5.28, 10.87) | <0.001 | 2.11 (1.20, 3.70) | 0.010 | 178 | 46.26 (16.80, 127.37) | <0.001 | 8.31 (2.40, 28.78) | <0.001 |
| Ulceration width (mm) | ||||||||||
| 0 (absent) (Ref) | 1515 | – | – | – | – | 1510 | – | – | ||
| ≤7.0 | 299 | 2.36 (1.92, 2.91) | <0.001 | 1.14 (0.89, 1.45) | 0.29 | 298 | 2.64 (1.94, 3.59) | <0.001 | NI | |
| >7.0 | 59 | 5.80 (4.19, 8.04) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.19, 2.62) | 0.005 | 60 | 7.84 (5.14, 11.96) | <0.001 | ||
| Mitotic rate | ||||||||||
| <1/mm2 (Ref) | 575 | – | – | – | – | 575 | – | – | – | – |
| 1/mm2 | 356 | 1.26 (0.89, 1.79) | 0.19 | 1.10 (0.69, 1.76) | 0.68 | 355 | 2.19 (1.10, 4.38) | 0.026 | 1.29 (0.58, 2.88) | 0.54 |
| 2–5/mm2 | 562 | 2.63 (2.00, 3.46) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.14, 2.58) | 0.009 | 557 | 6.53 (3.71, 11.50) | <0.001 | 2.68 (1.33, 5.37) | 0.006 |
| >5/mm2 | 295 | 6.14 (4.65, 8.10) | <0.001 | 2.46 (1.60, 3.78) | <0.001 | 296 | 15.97 (9.09, 28.05) | <0.001 | 4.11 (2.02, 8.35) | <0.001 |
| Lymphovascular invasion | ||||||||||
| Absent (Ref) | 1734 | – | – | 1729 | – | – | ||||
| Present | 79 | 2.90 (2.10, 4.01) | <0.001 | NI | 79 | 4.00 (2.67, 6.00) | <0.001 | NI | ||
| Microscopic satellitosis | ||||||||||
| Absent (Ref) | 1759 | – | – | – | – | 1754 | – | – | ||
| Present | 50 | 4.09 (2.88, 5.80) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.11, 2.37) | 0.012 | 50 | 4.08 (2.51, 6.62) | <0.001 | NI | |
| Perineural invasion | ||||||||||
| Absent (Ref) | 1751 | – | – | 1747 | – | – | ||||
| Present | 57 | 2.32 (1.56, 3.45) | <0.001 | NI | 56 | 3.13 (1.85, 5.29) | <0.001 | NI | ||
| Number of positive SLNs | ||||||||||
| 0 (Negative) (Ref) | 1555 | – | – | – | – | 1550 | – | – | – | – |
| 1 | 238 | 2.82 (2.28, 3.49) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.63, 2.62) | <0.001 | 236 | 5.00 (3.72, 6.72) | <0.001 | 2.79 (2.00, 3.88) | <0.001 |
| >1 | 90 | 3.81 (2.81, 5.16) | <0.001 | 2.34 (1.67, 3.27) | <0.001 | 92 | 8.15 (5.63, 11.80) | <0.001 | 4.20 (2.78, 6.32) | <0.001 |
| Adjuvant systemic therapy | ||||||||||
| Absent (Ref) | 1717 | – | – | 1710 | – | – | ||||
| Present | 162 | 1.63 (1.25, 2.13) | <0.001 | NI | 162 | 2.75 (1.98, 3.81) | <0.001 | NI | ||
ALM, acral lentiginous melanoma; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LMM, lentigo maligna melanoma; MSS, melanoma‐specific survival; NI, not included in the final model (P ≥ 0.05); NM, nodular melanoma; Ref, reference group; RFS, recurrence‐free survival; SSM, superficial spreading melanoma; The numbers in some groups do not total 1898 because data were not available for some patients.