Table 3. Clinical characteristics of subjects.
| Variables | MBAT (n = 21) | CONT (n = 23) | t/χ2 | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical symptoms | ||||||
| Duration of CAD, yr | < 1 | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | 3.283 | 0.193 | |
| 1–3 | 9 (37.5) | 15 (62.5) | ||||
| > 3 | 10 (66.7) | 5 (33.3) | ||||
| History of MI | Yes | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 0.577 | 0.447 | |
| No | 19 (50.0) | 19 (50.0) | ||||
| PCI | Yes | 12 (57.1) | 9 (42.9) | 1.428 | 0.232 | |
| No | 9 (39.1) | 14 (60.9) | ||||
| Revascularization | Yes | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0.004 | 0.949 | |
| No | 20 (47.6) | 22 (52.4) | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | Yes | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0.934 | 0.333 | |
| No | 21 (48.8) | 22 (51.2) | ||||
| History of stroke | Yes | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0.934 | 0.333 | |
| No | 21 (48.8) | 22 (51.2) | ||||
| Family history of CAD | Yes | 14 (45.2) | 17 (54.8) | 0.277 | 0.598 | |
| No | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | ||||
| Hypercholesterolemia | Yes | 17 (53.1) | 15 (46.9) | 1.370 | 0.241 | |
| No | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | ||||
| Hypertension | Yes | 18 (50.0) | 18 (50.0) | 0.410 | 0.521 | |
| No | 3 (37.5) | 5 (62.5) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | Yes | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 0.049 | 0.824 | |
| No | 17 (48.6) | 18 (51.4) | ||||
| Smoking | 1.428 | 0.489 | ||||
| Smoker | 6 (42.8) | 8 (57.2) | ||||
| Non-smoker | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | ||||
| Ex-smoker | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | ||||
| Alcohol use | 0.820 | 0.365 | ||||
| Yes | 9 (40.9) | 13 (59.1) | ||||
| No | 12 (54.5) | 10 (45.5) | ||||
| Risk factors of CAD | ||||||
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 167.52 ± 31.47 | 160.96 ± 33.98 | 0.663 | 0.627 | ||
| Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 95.00 ± 24.72 | 87.00 ± 25.33 | 1.058 | 0.482 | ||
| High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 52.67 ± 12.44 | 52.57 ± 14.54 | 0.025 | 0.984 | ||
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 117.86 ± 75.85 | 130.87 ± 60.09 | −0.634 | 0.640 | ||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.90 ± 0.21 | 0.97 ± 0.21 | −1.167 | 0.451 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131.14 ± 12.13 | 126.26 ± 7.07 | 1.649 | 0.347 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78.81 ± 8.95 | 79.48 ± 5.19 | −0.306 | 0.811 | ||
Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (%).
SD = standard deviation, MBAT = mindfulness-based art therapy, CONT = healthy control group, CAD = coronary artery disease, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, MI = myocardial infarction.