Table 4.

Benzodiazepine-related disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition.

Benzodiazepine Use Disorder	Benzodiazepine Intoxication	Benzodiazepine Withdrawal
Duration of at least 2 signs/symptoms within a 12-month period	Onset during or shortly after use	Onset following cessation or reduction in prolonged use
(1)use larger amounts or over a longer period of time than intended (2)desire to cut down use (3)a great deal of time spent obtaining (4)cravings (5)failure to fulfill major role obligations (6)use despite social or interpersonal problems (7)important activities are given up or reduced (8)use in physically hazardous situations (9)use despite physical or psychological problems (10)tolerance (11)withdrawal	“clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes (e.g., inappropriate sexual or aggressive behavior, mood lability, impaired judgment)” at least 1 sign/symptom: (1) slurred speech (2) incoordination (3) unsteady gate (4) nystagmus (5) impaired cognition (e.g., attention, memory) (6) stupor or coma	“clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning” at least 1 sign/symptom: (1) autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., sweating, tachycardia) (2) hand tremor (3) insomnia (4) nausea or vomiting (5) transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations or illusions (6) psychomotor agitation (7) anxiety (8) grand mal seizures