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Low concentrations of caffeine and KN-93 suppress TCWs. (A) Example of a NAM during pacing at 5 Hz before and during exposure to caffeine. (B) Summary of caffeine effects (n = 14 NAMs from five normal atria). (C) Effects of KN-93 on TCWs during constant pacing at 5 Hz with summary shown in D (n = 16 NAMs from six atria). **P < 0.01 (paired t-test).
