Table 1.
miRNA (cluster) | Regulation | Target(s) | Role and function in SMC dynamics | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
miR-1/-133a | ↑ | KLF4, SRF, CCND, RUNX2 | Differentiation, migration, proliferation | 33,42–45,84 |
miR-21 | ↑ | PTEN, PDCD4, BCL2 | Proliferation, apoptosis | 86–90 |
miR-23b/-24/-27b | ↑↓ | TLP3, CHI3L1, FOXO4, | Proliferation, differentiation, cytokine production & release | 34–35,91,92 |
miR-26a | ↓ | SMAD1, SMAD4 | Differentiation | 93 |
miR-29a/b/c | ↑↓ | COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1, ELN, MMP2, MMP9, PTEN | ECM production, proliferation | 34,116–120 |
miR-34a | ↑↓ | SIRT1, NOTCH1 | Proliferation, migration | 97 |
miR-130a | ↑ | MEOX1 | Proliferation, migration | 99 |
miR-138 | ↑↓ | SIRT1 | Proliferation, migration | 98 |
miR-143/-145 | ↑↓ | KLF4/5, MYOCD, ELK1, SRF | Differentiation, proliferation | 23,48–56 |
miR-146a | ↑ | KLF4/5 | Differentiation, proliferation | 57 |
miR-155 | ↑ | SMAD2, BCL6, CTLA4 | Differentiation, inflammation | 58–60 |
miR-195 | ↓ | ELN, MMP2 | ECM production, remodelling | 118 |
miR-204 | ↓ | PTPN11 | Proliferation | 100 |
miR-205 | ↓ | SMAD1, RUNX2 | Proliferation, calcification | 95 |
miR-206 | ↓ | ARF6, SLC8A1 | Differentiation | 94 |
miR-210 | ↓ | APC | Apoptosis | 125 |
miR-221/-222 | ↑ | CDKN1B, CDKN1C | Proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptotic effects | 101,102 |
miR-424/-322 | ↓ | CCND1, CALU, STIM1 | Proliferation | 103 |
miR-663 | ↓ | JUNB | Proliferation | 104 |
miRNAs and their regulation (up- or down) under vascular disease relevant conditions and stimuli. Further depicted in the table are the direct downstream targets of specific miRNAs, their main effect in SMC dynamics, and the respective references. Abbreviations of target genes are explained in the running text.