Table 1.

miRNAs in SMC fate and functionality

miRNA (cluster)	Regulation	Target(s)	Role and function in SMC dynamics	References
miR-1/-133a	↑	KLF4, SRF, CCND, RUNX2	Differentiation, migration, proliferation	33,42–45,84
miR-21	↑	PTEN, PDCD4, BCL2	Proliferation, apoptosis	86–90
miR-23b/-24/-27b	↑↓	TLP3, CHI3L1, FOXO4,	Proliferation, differentiation, cytokine production & release	34–35,91,92
miR-26a	↓	SMAD1, SMAD4	Differentiation	93
miR-29a/b/c	↑↓	COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1, ELN, MMP2, MMP9, PTEN	ECM production, proliferation	34,116–120
miR-34a	↑↓	SIRT1, NOTCH1	Proliferation, migration	97
miR-130a	↑	MEOX1	Proliferation, migration	99
miR-138	↑↓	SIRT1	Proliferation, migration	98
miR-143/-145	↑↓	KLF4/5, MYOCD, ELK1, SRF	Differentiation, proliferation	23,48–56
miR-146a	↑	KLF4/5	Differentiation, proliferation	57
miR-155	↑	SMAD2, BCL6, CTLA4	Differentiation, inflammation	58–60
miR-195	↓	ELN, MMP2	ECM production, remodelling	118
miR-204	↓	PTPN11	Proliferation	100
miR-205	↓	SMAD1, RUNX2	Proliferation, calcification	95
miR-206	↓	ARF6, SLC8A1	Differentiation	94
miR-210	↓	APC	Apoptosis	125
miR-221/-222	↑	CDKN1B, CDKN1C	Proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptotic effects	101,102
miR-424/-322	↓	CCND1, CALU, STIM1	Proliferation	103
miR-663	↓	JUNB	Proliferation	104

miRNAs and their regulation (up- or down) under vascular disease relevant conditions and stimuli. Further depicted in the table are the direct downstream targets of specific miRNAs, their main effect in SMC dynamics, and the respective references. Abbreviations of target genes are explained in the running text.