EM of individual (I27-PEVK)3 polyproteins. (A) Representative (I27-PEVK)3 (Top and Middle) and I2712 (Bottom) molecules as seen by rotary-shadowing EM. The polyprotein is visible as three small globular particles (I27 modules), apparently connected by an invisible thread (PEVK). In contrast, rotary-shadowed images of I2712 show solid rods with an average length of 58 nm, predicting a folded length of ≈4.8 nm/module. The bar corresponds to 50 nm. (B) A histogram of the average distance between I27 modules, corresponding to the end-to-end distance of PEVK, shows a broad distribution from 9 to 24 nm, with apparent peaks at 11 and 17 nm.