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. 2018 Feb 19;9(2):107. doi: 10.3390/genes9020107
Type of alternative splicing TFs Effects on TF
 
Exon skipping/retention
 
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NFIX1/2/3 NFIX2: regulator of fetal muscle genes
HEBα/β HEBα: higher DNA binding and transcriptional activity
HEBβ: synergises with MyoD in early differentiation
PAX3Q+/− PAX3Q-: stronger binding affinity and higher transcriptional activity
PAX7Q+/− NA
PAX7GL+/− PAX7GL-: increased binding affinity
PAX7-2 PAX7-2: reduced transcriptional activity
E12/47
E2A-2/5
E2A-2/5: dominant negative activity
MEF2A/B/C β MEF2A/B/C β: higher transcriptional activity
TCF4 A-R TCF4 AD1-containing isoforms: higher transcriptional activity
TCF4 FL/Δ TCF4 FL/Δ: no correlation with transcriptional activity
Intron retention
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TMyoD1α/β NA
ID1A/B ID1A: inhibits the formation of E12/MYOD heterodimers.
ID1B: prevents the assembly of E12/E12 homodimers.
ID3/3L ID3L: reduced antagonistic activity versus E47
Mutually exclusive exons
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MEF2A/B/C α1/α2 MEF2A/B/C α1: repressor of terminal differentiation
MEF2A/B/C α2: activator of terminal differentiation
TCF4 A-R TCF4 AD1-containing isoforms: higher transcriptional activity
Alternative 5’ or 3’ splice site usage
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TCF4 A-R −/+ TCF4 -/+: no correlation with transactivation activity
MEF2C γ MEF2C γ: reduced transcriptional activity
Alternative 3’ terminal exon
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CiMDFa/b CiMDFb: higher myogenic effector function
PAX7A/B PAX7A/B: myogenic commitment
PAX3A/B NA
PAX3C/D PAX3C: necessary for terminal myogenic differentiation
PAX3D: maintenance and/or proliferation of muscle precursor
Premature termination codon (PTC)
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TMyoD1γ TMyoD1γ: role in the regulation of TmyoD1 expression