Table 1.
Alternative Splicing (AS) of myogenic Transcription Factors: the table provides splicing mechanisms, species and references for the described transcription factors.
| Family genes | Transcription factor | Splicing isoforms | Spliced region/domain | Species | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pax | PAX3 | Pax3Q+/Q− | Alternative splicing intron2/exon3 (N-terminus, linker region of the PD) |
Zebrafish Mouse Human |
[136,137,138,139,140,141] |
| Pax3A/B | Termination at intron 4 (lack of HD and TA domains) |
Mouse Human |
[148] | ||
| Pax3C/Pax3D | Alternative splicing of exon 8 (C-terminus) |
Mouse Human |
[146,149] | ||
| PAX7 | Pax7Q+/Q− | Alternative splicing intron2/exon3 (N-terminus, linker region of the PD) |
Mouse Human |
[146,147] | |
| Pax7GL+/GL− | Alternative splice at intron 3/exon 4 boundary (C-terminus PD subdomain) | Mouse Human |
[137,139] | ||
| Pax7A Pax7B |
Termination at intron 8 Termination at exon9 (C-terminus) |
Mouse Human |
[146,147] | ||
| Pax7-2 | Alternative splicing of exon8 (C-terminus) |
Chicken | [150] | ||
| bHLH (Class I and II) |
MYOD | TMyoD1α/β/γ | Alternative retention of intron I and partial intron II | Takifugu rupripes | [151] |
| CiMDFa/b | Extension to 3’UTR (Domain III) |
Ciona intestinalis | [152] | ||
| E2A/TCF3 | E12/E47 E2A-2/5 |
Alternative inclusion of exon 15 (bHLH encoding exons - C-terminus) Exclusion of exons 3 and 4 (part of N-terminal AD1) |
Mouse Human |
[191,192,193] | |
| HEB | Hebα/β | Inclusion of alternate exon (24-amino-acid ankyrin-like motif) |
Rat Mouse Human |
[194,195] | |
| E2-2/TCF4 | Tcf4A-R Tcf4+/− FL/ΔTcf4 |
Mutually exclusive 5’ exons (N-terminus) Alternative splice donor site selection at exon 18 (C-terminus) Exclusion/inclusion exons 8/9 (N-terminal NLS) |
Mouse Human |
[ 196,197] | |
| HLH (Class V) |
ID1 | Id1A/B | Inclusion/exclusion intron I (C-terminus) |
Rat Mouse Human |
[199] |
| ID3 | Id3/3L | Inclusion/exclusion intron I (C-terminus) | Rat Mouse Human |
[200] | |
| Nfi | NFIX | m/h/ha/ch/r Nfix1 m Nfix2 m Nfix3 |
Exon9 splicing Exon 7 and 9 splicing Exon 7 and 9 retention (C-terminus) |
Chicken Hamster Mouse Rat Human |
[73,159] |
| Mef | MEF2A/C/D | Mef2aα1/α2 Mef2cα1/α2 Mef2dα1/α2 Mef2aβ Mef2cβ Mef2dβ Mef2cβ/γ |
Alternative splicing exon α1/α2 Exclusion/inclusion exon β Exclusion/inclusion exon β or γ region |
Mouse Human |
[163,164,165,166,74,173,174,182] [167,175] [168,176,177,178,179] |