Table 1.
Liver redox status, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and cecal organic acid concentration, according to the quintiles of rat portal H2 concentration.
| Q1 (Low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (High) | χ2 (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haruno colony | 4 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 13 | <0.0001 |
| Ohara colony | 9 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Ptrend | ||||||
| Portal H2, μmol/L | 1.54 (0.771–1.89) |
3.39 (2.75–3.92) |
6.08 ** (5.02–6.56) |
8.45 *** (8.02–9.06) |
17.4 *** (13.2–19.9) |
<0.0001 |
| Food intake, g/10 day | 198 (190–204) |
192 (182–208) |
199 (188–206) |
202 (187–209) |
196 (190–200) |
0.4594 |
| HAS intake, g/10 day | 39.6 (38.1–40.9) |
38.3 (36.4–41.7) |
39.7 (37.7–41.3) |
40.3 (37.5–41.9) |
39.2 (37.9–40.0) |
0.4752 |
| Body weight gain, g/10 day | 70 (61–85) |
78 (68–84) |
72 (64–77) |
72 (66–78) |
71 (60–82) |
0.2687 |
| Liver, μmol/g tissue | ||||||
| GSSG | 0.137 (0.111–0.157) |
0.171 * (0.139–0.185) |
0.157 (0.143–0.174) |
0.145 (0.123–0.159) |
0.122 (0.106–0.135) |
0.0314 |
| GSH | 7.20 (6.77–7.88) |
7.13 (6.92–7.93) |
7.22 (6.91–8.40) |
6.83 (6.31–7.30) |
7.01 (6.74–7.25) |
0.1087 |
| GSH/GSSG | 55.4 (46.4–69.5) |
45.9 (40.1–48.6) |
47.9 (40.8–55.2) |
48.1 (42.2–58.2) |
59.6 (50.8–67.2) |
0.0928 |
| Plasma ALT, μkat/L | 7.96 (3.84–8.90 |
6.33 (0.717–9.43) |
3.54 * (0.526–4.92) |
2.03 (0.582–7.88) |
3.99 (0.750–9.88) |
0.0422 |
| Cecal organic acid, μmol/g | ||||||
| Acetate | 42.1 (37.4–59.3) |
41.6 (35.8–43.4) |
47.2 (33.3–60.6) |
71.4 * (60.0–78.5) |
87.7 *** (66.0–97.0) |
<0.0001 |
| Propionate | 8.77 (8.01–10.3) |
11.4 (7.90–15.3) |
8.75 (5.60–10.0) |
4.13 ** (3.32–6.23) |
4.83 ** (3.59–5.55) |
<0.0001 |
| Butyrate | 4.79 (2.97–6.84) |
4.25 (3.56–5.88) |
6.60 (3.85–9.64) |
9.34 * (7.15–12.1) |
12.3 *** (10.3–15.7) |
<0.0001 |
| Succinate | 60.8 (38.9–69.3) |
45.3 (41.6–48.5) |
45.4 (27.5–51.2) |
25.8 ** (18.8–35.0) |
30.7 ** (24.9–37.0) |
<0.0001 |
Data are expressed as the medians (25%–75%), n = 13 or 14. All of the rats were fed high amylose maize starch for 10 days, and then underwent ischemia–reperfusion (IR) treatment (30 min of ischemia + 45 min of reperfusion) at the end of the experiment. Rats were categorized into quintiles of portal H2 concentration at the end of the experiment. Data were analyzed using the Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test (all of the parameters except for the number of rats) and Steel test (all of the parameters except for the number of rats), or the Chi-square test (the number of rats). *, **, *** Median values were significantly different from those of the Q1 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) quintile; HAS, high amylose maize starch; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione.