Table 4.
Comparisons of dietary practices and eating habits between sites for Y13/EA and Y15/MA age groups.
| Environment | Indicators | Frequencies | Y13/EA (% and Mean 95%CI) | Y15/MA (% and Mean 95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban (Soweto) n = 1565 | Rural (Agincourt) n = 203 | p-Value | Urban (Soweto) n = 1533 | Rural (Agincourt) n = 189 | p-Value | |||
| Home | Frequency of eating main with family in the previous week | Never | 22.66 | 13.79 | <0.001 | 9.62 | 22.4 | <0.001 |
| Some days | 14.07 | 44.33 | 26.88 | 38.54 | ||||
| Almost everyday | 63.27 | 41.87 | 63.5 | 39.06 | ||||
| Frequency of breakfast consumption on weekend days in the previous week | Irregular (1 weekend day) | 13.26 | 4.93 | <0.001 | 19.11 | 6.19 | <0.001 | |
| Regular (both weekend days) | 96.74 | 95.07 | 80.89 | 93.81 | ||||
| Frequency of breakfast consumption on week day in the previous week | Irregular (≤2 days/week) | 25.34 | 8.87 | <0.001 | 36.31 | 11.92 | <0.001 | |
| Regular (3–5 days/week) | 74.66 | 91.13 | 63.69 | 88.08 | ||||
| Frequency of consuming snacks whilst watching TV in the previous week | Irregular (≤3 times/week) | 50.54 | 81.28 | <0.001 | 1.58 | 1.03 | 0.56 | |
| Regular (>3 times/week) | 49.46 | 18.72 | 98.42 | 98.97 | ||||
| Number of snacks consumed whilst watching during the previous week (mean ± SD) | 4 ± 5.4 | 1 ± 3.3 | <0.001 | 9 ± 6.7 | 5 ± 3.0 | <0.001 | ||
| Community | Frequency of fast foods items consumption during the previous week | Irregular (≤3 times/week) | 1.85 | 7.88 | <0.001 | 2.77 | 9.79 | <0.001 |
| Regular (>3 times/week) | 98.15 | 92.12 | 97.23 | 90.21 | ||||
| Number of fast foods items consumed during the previous week (mean ± SD) | 17 ± 8.6 | 8 ± 5.2 | <0.001 | 17 ± 9.4 | 8 ± 5.4 | <0.001 | ||
| School | Frequency of tuck shop purchases during the previous week | Irregular (≤3 times/week) | 11.44 | 17.24 | 0.02 | 13.55 | 18.56 | 0.06 |
| Regular (>3 times/week) | 88.86 | 82.76 | 86.45 | 81.44 | ||||
| Number of tuck shop items purchased in the previous week (mean ± SD) | 12 ± 7.9 | 7 ± 4.6 | <0.001 | 12 ± 9.0 | 9 ± 6.5 | <0.001 | ||
| Frequency of lunch box usage during the previous week | Irregular (≤3 times/week) | 82.1 | 61.19 | <0.001 | 86.98 | 78.84 | <0.001 | |
| Regular (>3 times/week) | 17.9 | 38.81 | 13.02 | 21.16 | ||||
p-value based on Pearson Chi-squared test for categorical and t-independent test for continuous variables; Significant differences set at p < 0.05.