| ARIC | Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BP | blood pressure |
| Ca2+ | calcium |
| CHD | coronary heart disease |
| CV | cardiovascular |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| GLUT 4 | glucose transporter protein activity 4 |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HF | heart failure |
| HR | hazard ratio |
| HOMA-IR | homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance |
| IHD | ischemic heart disease |
| IL | interleukin |
| IR | insulin resistance |
| K+ | potassium |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| MetS | metabolic syndrome |
| Mg | magnesium |
| Mg-D | Mg-deficiency |
| [Mg2+] | magnesium concentrations |
| Mg2+ | intracellular magnesium |
| Na+ | sodium |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| O2 | oxygen |
| T2D | type 2 diabetes |
| TGRLP | triglyceride-rich lipoproteins |
| TRPM | transient receptor potential melastatin |
| RCT | randomized control trial |
| RDA | recommended dietary allowance |
| RR | Relative Risk |
| sICAM-1 | soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 |
| SLC41A1 | solute carrier family 41 member 1 |
| SHR | spontaneously hypertensive rats |
| UVEC | umbilical vein endothelial cells |
| VCAM | vascular cell adhesion protein 1 |
| VSMC | vascular smooth muscle cells |
| WKY | Wistar-Kyoto rats |