Table 2.
Nutrient intake of participants by DII tertiles.
| DII Tertile 1 <2.8 (n = 37) |
DII Tertile 2 2.8–4.6 (n = 37) |
DII Tertile 3 >4.6 (n = 36) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calories (cal) | 2674.2 ± 778.9 | 2227.1 ± 778.9 | 2499.3 ± 778.9 | 0.05 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 300.3 ± 67.9 | 296.1 ± 68.2 | 292.3 ± 31.1 | 0.88 |
| Protein (g) | 105.4 ± 31.5 | 98.4 ± 31.7 | 87.4 ± 67.1 | 0.05 |
| Total fat (g) | 92.8 ± 21.0 | 97.8 ± 21.6 | 105.2 ± 21.3 | 0.05 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 27.2 ± 8.42 | 29.3 ± 8.4 | 35.7 ± 8.3 | <0.001 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acid (g) | 17.8 ± 9.7 | 16.5 ± 9.7 | 12.0 ± 9.5 | 0.03 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid (g) | 9.2 ± 7.4 | 9.9 ± 7.4 | 6.2 ± 7.3 | 0.08 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 362.7 ± 306.2 | 394.5 ± 307.5 | 408.1 ± 302.3 | 0.81 |
| Trans fat (g) | 1.5 ± 2.5 | 1.9 ± 2.5 | 2.8 ± 2.5 | 0.09 |
| Vitamin A (RE) | 664.9 ± 474.8 | 305.8 ± 476.9 | 189.5 ± 468.8 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
| Niacin (mg) | 28.1 ± 9.8 | 21.2 ± 9.8 | 11.2 ± 9.7 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 6.0 ± 3.3 | 4.0 ± 3.3 | 1.6 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 101.8 ± 62.8 | 75.5 ± 63.1 | 45.7 ± 62.0 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin D (IU) | 3.8 ± 3.1 | 2.2 ± 3.1 | 1.3 ± 3.1 | 0.004 |
| Vitamin E -α-tocopherol (mg) |
6.6 ± 4.5 | 3.3 ± 4.5 | 1.4 ± 4.4 | <0.001 |
| Folate (μg) | 337.1 ± 118.8 | 218.7 ± 119.4 | 123.1 ± 117.3 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin K (μg) | 99.9 ± 91.7 | 20.3 ± 92.3 | 15.9 ± 91.9 | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mg) | 1064.3 ± 381.9 | 738.8 ± 383.6 | 685.9 ± 377.1 | <0.001 |
| Iron (mg) | 18.3 ± 6.9 | 17.1 ± 6.9 | 10.9 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 218.3 ± 64.3 | 120.1 ± 64.6 | 73.3 ± 63.5 | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 963.8 ± 361.9 | 715.9 ± 363.5 | 500.5 ± 357.3 | <0.001 |
| Potassium (mg) | 1942.4 ± 591.6 | 1346.1 ± 594.3 | 890.2 ± 584.2 | <0.001 |
| Selenium (μg) | 77.2 ± 45.5 | 62.3 ± 45.6 | 25.7 ± 44.9 | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mg) | 4100.3 ± 1154.5 | 4493.8 ± 1159.9 | 4746.9 ± 1140.0 | <0.057 |
| Zinc (mg) | 8.0 ± 3.2 | 6.0 ± 3.2 | 3.4 ± 3.2 | <0.001 |
| Caffeine | 66.7 ± 79.6 | 53.7 ± 79.9 | 45.0 ± 79.7 | 0.50 |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Values are adjusted for energy, age, and sex.