Table 1.
Selected characteristics at symptom onset/index date of MS/CIS cases and controls by race/ethnicity.
| Black (n = 247) | Hispanic (n = 380) | White (n = 514) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case (n = 116) | Control (n = 131) | p * | Case (n = 183) | Control (n = 197) | p * | Case (n = 247) | Control (n = 267) | p * | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 38.4 (12.8) | 38.5 (13.0) | 0.93 | 32.5 (10.7) | 32.6 (11.1) | 0.95 | 39.7 (12.0) | 39.9 (12.2) | 0.87 |
| Female, n (%) | 92 (79.3) | 103 (78.6) | 0.90 | 132 (72.1) | 145 (73.6) | 0.75 | 164 (66.4) | 174 (65.2) | 0.77 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 27 (23.3) | 33 (25.2) | 0.73 | 44 (24.0) | 38 (19.3) | 0.26 | 115 (46.6) | 90 (33.7) | 0.003 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 30.5 (7.4) | 31.6 (8.1) | 0.26 | 29.5 (6.8) | 30.1 (7.0) | 0.42 | 28.5 (6.7) | 28.5 (6.9) | 0.95 |
| VitD supplement users *, n (%) | 28 (24.1) | 2 (1.5) | <0.001 | 30 (16.4) | 3 (1.5) | <0.001 | 62 (25.1) | 19 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| Season **, n (%) | 56 (48.3) | 65 (49.6) | 0.83 | 85 (46.5) | 104 (52.8) | 0.22 | 116 (47.0) | 142 (53.2) | 0.16 |
| cumulative UV dose ***, 1000 KJ/m2, mean (SD) | 1.43 (0.77) | 1.63 (0.79) | 0.05 | 1.14 (0.61) | 1.22 (0.68) | 0.22 | 1.53 (0.79) | 1.64 (0.83) | 0.15 |
| serum 25OHD, nmol/L, median (IQR) | 43.7 (32.4,74.9) | 47.4 (30.0,64.9) | 0.53 | 54.9 (42.4,69.9) | 57.4 (44.9,69.9) | 0.35 | 67.4 (49.9,87.4) | 72.4 (59.9,92.4) | 0.003 |
| Vitamin D-Binding Protein | |||||||||
| rs7041, n (%) | 0.53 | 0.64 | 0.37 | ||||||
| AA | 79 (68.1) | 94 (71.7) | 40 ( 21.9) | 47 (23.8) | 56 (22.7) | 52 (19.4) | |||
| AC | 32 (27.6) | 31 (23.7) | 93 (50.8) | 100 (50.8) | 116 (47.0) | 123 (46.1) | |||
| CC | 5 (4.3) | 6 (4.6) | 50 (27.3) | 50 (25.4) | 75 (30.3) | 92 (34.5) | |||
| rs4588, n (%) | 0.13 | 0.52 | 0.44 | ||||||
| GG | 96 (82.8) | 98 (74.8) | 110 (60.1) | 112 (56.8) | 122 (49.4) | 141 (52.8) | |||
| GT | 18 (15.5) | 29 (22.1) | 66 (36.1) | 75 (38.1) | 105 (42.5) | 99 (37.1) | |||
| TT | 2 (1.7) | 4 (3.1) | 7 (3.8) | 10 (5.1) | 20 (8.1) | 27 (10.1) | |||
| HLA-DRB1*1501, n (%) | 0.20 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| GG | 95 (81.9) | 115 (87.8) | 134 (73.2) | 174 (88.3) | 136 (55.1) | 214 (80.1) | |||
| AG | 21 (18.1) | 15 (11.5) | 47 (25.7) | 19 (9.7) | 92 (37.2) | 52 (19.5) | |||
| AA | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.1) | 4 (2.0) | 19 (7.7) | 1 (0.4) | |||
| Ancestry % median (IQR) | |||||||||
| European | 21.2 (14.6, 28.0) | 22.8 (16.3, 31.9) | 58.6 (50.1, 66.0) | 56.6 (48.5, 64.3) | 99.0 (97.6, 99.7) | 99.1 (97.6, 99.8) | |||
| African | 77.6 (69.8, 84.4) | 75.4 (66.2, 83.0) | 5.1 (3.8, 6.9) | 4.9 (3.8, 6.4) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.9) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.8) | |||
| Amerindian | 0.3 (0.1, 1.4) | 0.7 (0.2, 1.9) | 35.7 (27.0,42.8) | 38.0 (31.0, 46.1) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.2) | |||
MS = multiple sclerosis, CIS = clinically isolated syndrome, SD = standard deviation, IQR = interquartile range, BMI = body mass index, VitD = vitamin D, UV = ultraviolet radiation; y = years. * At the time of 25OHD measurement; ** season (April–September) at the time of 25OHD measurement; *** from age 6 years to index date.