Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009.
| Characteristics | HU (n = 1276) |
Non-HU (n = 6670) |
Total (n = 7946) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUA, mg/dL | 7.9 ± 2.1 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Rural area | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 785 (61.5) | 4546 (68.2) | 5331 (67.1) | |
| No | 491 (38.5) | 2124 (31.8) | 2615 (32.9) | |
| Age, years | 53.4 ± 15.2 | 50.3 ± 14.8 | 50.8 ± 14.9 | <0.001 |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 793 (62.1) | 2917 (43.7) | 3710 (46.7) | |
| Female | 483 (37.9) | 3753 (56.3) | 4236 (53.3) | |
| Nationality | 0.205 | |||
| Han | 1123 (88.0) | 5951 (89.2) | 7074 (89.0) | |
| Others | 153 (12.0) | 719 (10.8) | 872 (11.0) | |
| Education, years | 9 (5, 12) | 9 (5, 9) | 9 (5, 9) | 0.032 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.8 ± 3.6 | 23.1 ± 3.4 | 23.4 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 438 (34.3) | 1759 (26.4) | 2197 (27.6) | |
| No | 838 (65.7) | 4911 (73.6) | 5749 (72.4) | |
| Alcohol consumption | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 560 (43.9) | 2047 (30.7) | 2607 (32.8) | |
| No | 716 (56.1) | 4623 (69.3) | 5339 (67.2) | |
| Physical activities, MET-h/week | 73.6 (31.5, 147.4) | 87.3 (37.0, 182.0) | 84.5 (35.9, 177.0) | <0.001 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 2167.4 (1772.0, 2580.1) | 2063.1 (1669.1, 2499.2) | 2081.6 (1680.7, 2512.3) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate intake, g/day | 281.4 (219.3, 354.2) | 282.4 (224.2, 354.8) | 282.3 (223.4, 354.7) | 0.860 |
| Carbohydrate (E%) | 54.2 ± 10.7 | 56.3 ± 10.7 | 55.9 ± 10.7 | <0.001 |
| Protein intake, g/day | 66.0 (52.9, 82.3) | 61.9 (49.6, 77.8) | 62.6 (50.1, 78.6) | <0.001 |
| Protein (E%) | 12.9 ± 3.0 | 12.6 ± 2.9 | 12.6 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Fat intake, g/day | 75.7 (54.2, 99.2) | 68.3 (48.7, 93.1) | 69.5 (49.5, 94.4) | <0.001 |
| Fat (E%) | 32.9 ± 10.8 | 31.2 ± 10.7 | 31.4 ± 10.7 | <0.001 |
| SF, μg/L | 119.3 (71.0, 212.4) | 71.1 (34.9, 131.0) | 78.0 (39.4, 143.3) | <0.001 |
| Transferrin, g/L | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| sTfR, mg/L | 1.33 (1.07, 1.68) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.65) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.65) | 0.407 |
| Hb, g/L | 146.3 ± 20.9 | 140.6 ± 20.3 | 141.5 ± 20.5 | <0.001 |
| Hs-CRP, mg/L | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | <0.001 |
HU, hyperuricemia; SUA, serum uric acid; BMI, body mass index; MET-h, metabolic equivalent hours; E%, percentage of energy; SF, serum ferritin; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Hb, hemoglobin. Data were expressed as means ± standard deviation or medians (interquartile ranges) for continuous variables with or without normal distribution respectively and counts (percentages) for categorical variables. Comparisons between participants with hyperuricemia and the other participants were performed by using Student’s t tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, or Chi-squared tests.