Table 3.
Multilevel-adjusted associations of SF, transferrin, and Hb levels with the risk of HU in Chinese adult population (n = 7946).
| Cases/Total, n | β (95% CI) 1 | Adjust OR (95% CI) 2 | Adjust OR (95% CI) 3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SF | Q1 | 126/1987 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q2 | 248/1987 | 2.106 (1.684, 2.635) | 1.726 (1.368, 2.179) | 1.618 (1.280, 2.044) | |
| Q3 | 376/1987 | 3.449 (2.790, 4.263) | 2.550 (2.030, 3.203) | 2.344 (1.863, 2.951) | |
| Q4 | 526/1985 | 5.323 (4.332, 6.540) | 3.487 (2.773, 4.384) | 3.086 (2.450, 3.888) | |
| p-trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Transferrin | Q1 | 261/2016 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q2 | 307/1991 | 1.226 (1.026, 1.465) | 1.298 (1.080, 1.560) | 1.318 (1.094, 1.587) | |
| Q3 | 333/1953 | 1.383 (1.160, 1.649) | 1.496 (1.246, 1.797) | 1.539 (1.279, 1.852) | |
| Q4 | 375/1986 | 1.565 (1.318, 1.859) | 1.817 (1.514, 2.179) | 1.900 (1.579, 2.286) | |
| p-trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Hb | Q1 | 237/1949 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q2 | 277/2182 | 1.050 (0.873, 1.264) | 0.948 (0.784, 1.147) | 0.918 (0.757, 1.113) | |
| Q3 | 336/1924 | 1.528 (1.276, 1.829) | 1.054 (0.862, 1.289) | 0.996 (0.812, 1.221) | |
| Q4 | 426/1891 | 2.100 (1.766, 2.497) | 1.288 (1.044, 1.589) | 1.218 (0.984, 1.507) | |
| p-trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.036 |
HU, hyperuricemia; SF, serum ferritin; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; Hb, hemoglobin; Ref., reference; BMI, body mass index; E%, percentage of energy; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. All of the models were constructed by using multilevel (four levels) mixed-effects logistic regression with the restricted iterative generalized least-squares estimation method. The medians (interquartile ranges) or means ± standard deviation for quartiles of SF, transferrin, and Hb were as follows—SF: 20.3 (11.3, 29.3), 58.0 (48.7, 67.8), 104.5 (90.7, 121.7), and 237.8 (174.6, 446.5) μg/L; transferrin: 2.3 ± 0.3, 2.7 ± 0.1, 3.0 ± 0.1, 3.6 ± 0.4 g/L; Hb: 116.9 ± 11.8, 135.0 ± 3.8, 147.8 ± 3.7, 167.8 ± 13.9 g/L. 1 Original model without any adjustments. 2 Adjusted for age, gender (male or female), nationality (Han or others), education (≤6 years, 6.1–9.0 years, or >9 years), smoking status (current or not current), alcohol consumption (yes or no), BMI (<18.5 kg/m2, 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, or ≥30 kg/m2), and physical activity (quartile). 3 Adjusted as for model 2 plus total energy intake (quartile), protein intake (quartile), fat intake (quartile), carbohydrate (E%) (quartile), protein (E%) (quartile), fat (E%) (quartile), and inflammation status (hs-CRP levels < 1 mg/L, 1–3 mg/L or 4–10 mg/L).