Table 3.
Association between dietary markers and fifths participation in each pattern scores adjusted for personal, sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the percentage of calories consumed outside of the home. Brazilian population aged 10 and up (2008–2009).
| Traditional Meals a | Typical Brazilian Breakfast/Tea b | Ultra-Processed Food c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef. ** | p | Coef. ** | p | Coef. ** | p | |
| Energy density (g/1000 kcal) | −0.23 | 0.000 * | 0.01 | 0.687 | 0.26 | 0.000 * |
| % carbohydrates | −0.05 | 0.002 * | 0.11 | 0.000 * | −0.08 | 0.000 * |
| % protein | 0.17 | 0.000 * | −0.09 | 0.000 * | −0.14 | 0.000 * |
| % lipids | −0.07 | 0.000 * | −0.02 | 0.097 | 0.16 | 0.000 * |
| % saturated fat | −0.14 | 0.000 * | −0.01 | 0.416 | 0.20 | 0.000 * |
| % trans fat | −0.09 | 0.000 * | 0.05 | 0.000 * | 0.07 | 0.000 * |
| % free sugar | −0.14 | 0.000 * | 0.08 | 0.000 * | 0.23 | 0.000 * |
| Fiber (g/1000 kcal) | 0.14 | 0.000 * | 0.00 | 0.712 | −0.29 | 0.000 * |
| Calcium (mg/1000 kcal) | −0.10 | 0.000 * | 0.02 | 0.186 | 0.05 | 0.000 * |
| Iron (mg/1000 kcal) | 0.10 | 0.000 * | −0.10 | 0.000 * | −0.08 | 0.000 * |
| Potassium (mg/1000 kcal) | 0.19 | 0.000 * | 0.00 | 0.864 | −0.26 | 0.000 * |
| Sodium (mg/1000 kcal) | 0.10 | 0.000 * | −0.04 | 0.003 * | −0.16 | 0.000 * |
* Significance values. ** Coefficients were adjusted and standardized for personal, sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the percentage of calories consumed outside of the home; a—composition: rice, beans, vegetables and greens, roots and tubers, pasta, beef, poultry, eggs; b—composition: butter, milk, coffee and tea, processed bread, processed cheese, margarine; c—composition: sweet, ready-to-eat meals, soft drinks.