Table 1.
Description of the study population.
| Variables | Groups | All % (N) | Males % (N) | Females % (N) | Chi- Squared Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | 100 (7953) | 35.7(2839) | 64.3 (5114) | N/A | |
| Age | Below 25 years | 39.1 (3111) | 36.2 (1027) | 40.8 (2084) | <0.001 |
| 25–50 years | 45.1 (3588) | 45.1 (1292) | 44.9 (2296) | ||
| 50–60 years | 6.7 (535) | 7.3 (206) | 6.4 (329) | ||
| 60 and above | 9.0 (719) | 11.1 (314) | 7.9 (405) | ||
| Education | No Formal Education | 14.1 (1118) | 9.1 (258) | 16.8 (860) | <0.001 |
| Primary Education | 55.2 (4387) | 53.0 (1505) | 56.4 (2882) | ||
| Secondary Education | 27.5 (2186) | 32.9 (935) | 24.5 (1251) | ||
| Tertiary Education | 3.3 (262) | 5.0 (141) | 2.4 (121) | ||
| Marriage | Never married | 38.8 (3088) | 46.6 (1324) | 34.5 (1764) | <0.001 |
| Monogamous | 47.4 (3770) | 44.7 (1268) | 48.9 (2502) | ||
| Polygamous | 1.2 (94) | 1.1 (30) | 1.3 (64) | ||
| Widowed | 5.8 (461) | 2.4 (68) | 7.7 (393) | ||
| Separated | 6.8 (540) | 5.3 (149) | 7.7 (391) | ||
| Work status | Working | 59.8 (4754) | 72.1 (2047) | 52.9 (2707) | <0.001 |
| Not working | 40.2 (3199) | 27.9 (792) | 47.1 (2407) | ||
| Occupation | Farming, Fishing, Livestock keeping | 25.4 (2017) | 26.9 (763) | 24.5 (1254) | <0.001 |
| Small business | 15.4 (1221) | 14.8 (421) | 15.6 (800) | ||
| Large business | 1.2 (95) | 2.3 (66) | 0.6 (29) | ||
| Professionals | 4.7 (367) | 6.5 (183) | 3.6 (184) | ||
| Skilled manual labor | 7.9 (625) | 12.4 (352) | 5.3 (273) | ||
| Unskilled manual labor | 5.4 (429) | 9.2 (262) | 3.3 (167) | ||
| Not working | 40.2 (3199) | 27.9 (792) | 47.1 (2407) | ||
| Religion | Muslim | 37.1 (2952) | 38.2 (1085) | 36.5 (1867) | 0.258 |
| Catholic | 54.3 (4317) | 53.6 (1521) | 54.7 (2796) | ||
| Lutheran | 1.9 (147) | 1.6 (44) | 2.0 (103) | ||
| Other beliefs | 6.8 (537) | 6.7 (189) | 6.8 (348) | ||
| Migration | Non-migrant | 41.5 (3301) | 40.4 (1146) | 42.1 (2155) | 0.124 |
| Migrant | 58.5 (4652) | 59.6 (1693) | 57.9 (2959) | ||
| Ethnicity | Mbeya region | 1.6 (127) | 1.4 (41) | 1.7 (86) | <0.001 |
| Kilimanjaro and Arusha region | 3.3 (265) | 4.1 (115) | 2.9 (150) | ||
| Coast region | 6.2 (491) | 6.2 (177) | 6.1 (314) | ||
| Shinyanga/Mwanza/Tabora regions | 6.9 (545) | 8.2 (234) | 6.1 (311) | ||
| Iringa region | 11.4 (904) | 10.6 (302) | 11.8 (602) | ||
| Ruvuma region | 14.8 (1179) | 14.2 (403) | 15.2 (776) | ||
| Other regions | 12.8 (1020) | 14.7 (418) | 11.8 (602) | ||
| Morogoro region | 43.0 (3422) | 40.5 (1147) | 44.5 (2273) | ||
| Alcohol | Not daily | 97.6 (7764) | 96.7 (2746) | 98.1 (5018) | <0.001 |
| Daily | 2.4 (189) | 3.3 (93) | 1.9 (96) | ||
| Smoking | Never smoker | 89.7 (7131) | 76.4 (2169) | 97.0 (4962) | <0.001 |
| Former smoker | 3.1 (245) | 6.5 (183) | 1.2 (62) | ||
| Current smoker | 7.3 (577) | 17.2 (487) | 1.8 (90) | ||
| Healthcare use | No visit | 40.0 (3180) | 45.5 (1291) | 36.9 (1889) | <0.001 |
| One visit | 20.7 (1643) | 21.3 (604) | 20.3 (1039) | ||
| Two visits | 12.6 (1004) | 11.6 (328) | 13.2 (676) | ||
| Three visits | 11.8 (935) | 10.7 (305) | 12.3 (630) | ||
| Four visits | 7.4 (590) | 5.5 (157) | 8.5 (433) | ||
| Five visits | 2.7 (214) | 2.3 (64) | 2.9 (150) | ||
| Six visits and more | 4.9 (387) | 3.2 (90) | 5.8 (297) |
N/A: not applicable. The chi-squared test compares proportions between males and females.