Table 2.
Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with polymicrobial PTO (Polya) and monomicrobial PTO (Monob) following trauma, among 183c patients.
| Characteristics | Monoa Patients No. (%) (N = 110) |
Polyb Patients No. (%) (N = 73) |
P valued |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Age (median [range]) (yr) | 40.5 (11 - 87) | 50 (16 - 88) | 0.017 |
| Male sex (no. [%]) | 76 (69.0) | 53 (72.6) | 0.610 |
| Schooling level ≥8 years (no. [%]) | 47 (42.7) | 20 (27.3) | 0.035 |
| Agriculture worker (no. [%]) | 9 (8.2) | 16 (22.0) | 0.008 |
| Comorbidities (no. [%]) | |||
| Smoking | 33 (30.0) | 26 (23.6) | 0.426 |
| Intraoperative hyperglycemia | 29 (26.3) | 27 (37.0) | 0.127 |
| High-energy injury (no. [%]) | 79 (71.8) | 50 (68.5) | 0.629 |
| Fall from height (no. [%]) | 29 (26.4) | 22 (30.1) | 0.577 |
| Grade-III open fracture (no. [%]) | 15 (13.6) | 21 (28.7) | 0.012 |
| Admission to surgery t >3h (no. [%]) | 103 (93.6) | 62 (85.0) | 0.053 |
| Duration of surgery (median [range]) (hr) | 2 (1-8) | 2 (1-7) | 0.738 |
| Admission to first antibiotic (hr) | 60 (54.5) | 26 (23.6) | 0.062 |
| Follow-up (range) (days) | 728 (38 - 2539) | 690 (22 - 2526) | 0.980 |
| >1 surgery debridement (no. [%]) | 34 (31.0) | 41 (56.1) | 0.001 |
| Need for blood transfusion (no. [%]) | 26 (23.6) | 38 (52.0) | <0.0001 |
| Femoral fractures (no. [%]) | 26 (23.6) | 31 (42.5) | 0.007 |
| ≥3 samples for bone culture (no. [%]) | 59 (53.6) | 51 (69.8) | 0.028 |
| ≥3 samples of soft tissue (no. [%]) | 12 (11.0) | 20 (27.4) | 0.004 |
| ASA score | |||
| ASA I - II (no. [%]) | 102 (92.7) | 64 (87.7) | 0.249 |
| ASA III - IV (no. [%]) | 8 (7.3) | 9 (12.3) |
a Poly-polymicrobial osteomyelitis; b Mono-monomicrobial osteomyelitis; cTen patients (5.2%) were excluded from this analysis since they presented negative-culture osteomyelitis; d The patient characteristics were summarized as frequencies and percentages or median values and compared using the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, with nominal variables and the Mann-Whitney test or t test, as appropriate, with continuous variables (SPSS version 19.0). All tests were two sided, and P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.