Table 6.
Childhood adversities as predictors of undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL) and CD4 count (≥200 cells/mm3): results from bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models.
| Predictor variable | Undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL) | CD4 count (≥200 cells/mm3) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariable regression model | Multivariable regression model | Bivariable regression model | Multivariable regression model | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | AOR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | AOR (95% CI) | p | |
| Childhood adversity (number) | ||||||||
| Five to seven | 0.50 (0.30, 0.83) | 0.007 | 0.83 (0.47, 1.46) | 0.518 | 0.66 (0.31, 1.40) | 0.275 | 0.98 (0.43, 2.24) | 0.966 |
| Four | 0.49 (0.31, 0.77) | 0.002 | 0.69 (0.42, 1.13) | 0.142 | 1.36 (0.58, 3.19) | 0.478 | 1.91 (0.78, 4.67) | 0.156 |
| Three | 1.15 (0.69, 1.91) | 0.585 | 1.44 (0.84, 2.47) | 0.184 | 1.03 (0.50, 2.12) | 0.938 | 1.32 (0.62, 2.81) | 0.473 |
| Two | 0.79 (0.53, 1.18) | 0.254 | 0.92 (0.60, 1.41) | 0.706 | 0.84 (0.47, 1.52) | 0.572 | 0.98 (0.53, 1.81) | 0.955 |
| One | 0.77 (0.53, 1.11) | 0.160 | 0.85 (0.57, 1.24) | 0.395 | 0.72 (0.42, 1.21) | 0.211 | 0.78 (0.45, 1.33) | 0.363 |
| None (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Age in years | ||||||||
| >50 | 3.84 (2.35, 6.27) | <0.001 | 2.20 (1.21, 4.00) | 0.010 | 1.01 (0.41, 2.45) | 0.989 | 1.54 (0.55, 4.33) | 0.414 |
| 41–50 | 1.93 (1.20, 3.10) | 0.007 | 1.38 (0.80, 2.35) | 0.244 | 0.60 (0.25, 1.45) | 0.258 | 0.86 (0.33, 2.23) | 0.750 |
| 31–40 | 1.32 (0.79, 2.19) | 0.291 | 1.13 (0.66, 1.96) | 0.654 | 0.91 (0.35, 2.41) | 0.852 | 1.11 (0.40, 3.03) | 0.845 |
| ≤30 (ref) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Sex/gender | ||||||||
| Female | 1.36 (0.91, 2.03) | 0.133 | 1.39 (0.90, 2.15) | 0.139 | 1.59 (0.87, 2.91) | 0.133 | 1.57 (0.82, 2.99) | 0.173 |
| Male, MSM | 1.76 (1.27, 2.45) | 0.001 | 1.57 (1.08, 2.29) | 0.020 | 1.61 (1.00, 2.59) | 0.050 | 1.36 (0.80, 2.32) | 0.253 |
| Male, non-MSM (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Indigenous | 0.72 (0.41, 1.25) | 0.241 | 1.07 (0.59, 1.95) | 0.824 | 0.76 (0.33, 1.73) | 0.509 | 1.00 (0.43, 2.35) | 0.999 |
| African/Caribbean/Black | 0.78 (0.57, 1.06) | 0.113 | 1.27 (0.83, 1.94) | 0.267 | 0.86 (0.54, 1.38) | 0.534 | 0.97 (0.52, 1.80) | 0.920 |
| Other, non-White | 0.71 (0.49, 1.04) | 0.076 | 0.86 (0.57, 1.28) | 0.449 | 0.70 (0.41, 1.20) | 0.194 | 0.76 (0.43, 1.34) | 0.344 |
| White (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than HS completion | 0.60 (0.39, 0.92) | 0.020 | 0.95 (0.57, 1.56) | 0.827 | 0.50 (0.27, 0.95) | 0.034 | 0.68 (0.34, 1.37) | 0.279 |
| Completed high school | 0.60 (0.41, 0.87) | 0.008 | 0.72 (0.48, 1.10) | 0.128 | 0.49 (0.28, 0.86) | 0.013 | 0.63 (0.35, 1.13) | 0.123 |
| Some postsecondary | 0.86 (0.61, 1.19) | 0.359 | 0.98 (0.69, 1.40) | 0.925 | 0.85 (0.50, 1.43) | 0.533 | 0.94 (0.55, 1.62) | 0.825 |
| Completed university (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Born in Canada | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.14 (0.88, 1.49) | 0.314 | - | - | 1.08 (0.73, 1.59) | 0.714 | - | - |
| No (ref) | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | ||
| Currently employed | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.25 (0.96, 1.63) | 0.096 | 1.25 (0.92, 1.69) | 0.154 | 1.46 (0.98, 2.18) | 0.061 | 1.28 (0.83, 1.99) | 0.268 |
| No (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Hazardous alcohol use | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.95 (0.72, 1.26) | 0.717 | - | - | 1.04 (0.68, 1.59) | 0.848 | - | - |
| No (ref) | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | ||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||||
| Current smoker | 0.57 (0.43, 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.69 (0.49, 0.97) | 0.035 | 0.63 (0.41, 0.98) | 0.042 | 0.77 (0.47, 1.26) | 0.295 |
| Former smoker | 1.20 (0.84, 1.72) | 0.313 | 1.08 (0.73, 1.60) | 0.692 | 1.01 (0.60, 1.69) | 0.984 | 1.03 (0.59, 1.80) | 0.919 |
| Never smoker (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Nonmedicinal drug use | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.53 (0.37, 0.75) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.51, 1.14) | 0.193 | 1.07 (0.59, 1.95) | 0.824 | 1.25 (0.65, 2.42) | 0.502 |
| No (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Duration of HIV infection | ||||||||
| Years (per 10 years) | 1.71 (1.44, 2.03) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.11, 1.71) | 0.004 | 0.85 (0.67, 1.08) | 0.177 | 0.75 (0.55, 1.02) | 0.067 |
AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. Bold face indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05). Note. Variables with p < 0.10 in bivariable regression models were included in multivariable regression models. The final multivariable models are further adjusted for mastery, social support, coping, and stress.