Table 1.
Comparisons of the values of variables from normotensive pregnant women and pregnant women with late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) and early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) at the third trimester of pregnancy.
| Variables | Normotensive | LOPE | EOPE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (y)† | 25.0 ± 10.5 (28) | 26.0 ± 14.0 (23) | 27.0 ± 10.0 (13) |
| Weight gain (kg)§ | 10.0 ± 3.0 (26)a | 20.0 ± 7.0 (9)a,b | 14.0 ± 5.0 (5)b |
| BMI (pregestational) (kg/m2)§ | 24.2 ± 5.3 (27) | 25.16 ± 10.3 (10) | 23.3 ± 5.5 (7) |
| BMI (kg/m2)§ | 29.2 ± 5.1 (27)a | 32.0 ± 8.4 (13)a | 29.7 ± 6.2 (6) |
| Gestational age (w)§ | 40.0 ± 1.0 (29)a,b | 38.0 ± 2.0 (20)b,c | 31.5 ± 4.0 (13)a,c |
| Birth weight (kg)§ | 3.5 ± 0.5 (28)a,b | 2.9 ± 0.6 (22)b,c | 1.8 ± 0.9 (11)a,c |
| Growth centile (%) | |||
| <10∗ | 0% (0) | 4.3% (1) | 23.1% (3) |
| 10–50∗ | 21.0% (6) | 39.1% (9) | 38.5% (5) |
| 50–90∗ | 65.5% (19) | 39.1% (9) | 7.7% (1) |
| >90∗ | 10.3% (3) | 4.3% (1) | 15.4% (2) |
| Unknown | 3.4% (1) | 13.0% (3) | 15.4% (2) |
| Placenta weight (g)§ | 590.0 ± 80.0 (28)a | 512.5 ± 160.0 (22)b | 337.5 ± 200.0 (12)a,b |
| SBP (mmHg)§ | 120.0 ± 10.0 (28)a,b | 150.0 ± 30.0 (23)a | 150.0 ± 20.0 (13)b |
| DBP (mmHg)§ | 70.0 ± 10.0 (28)a,b | 100 ± 20.0 (23)a | 100.0 ± 10.0 (13)b |
| RBC (106 cells/mm3)† | 4.15 ± 0.57 (29)a | 4.08 ± 0.44 (22) | 3.78 ± 0.68 (13)a |
| Ht (%)† | 34.6 ± 3.8 (29) | 34.7 ± 5.6 (22) | 33.2 ± 3.8 (13) |
| Hb (g/dL)† | 12.0 ± 1.5 (29) | 11.8 ± 1.8 (22) | 11.3 ± 1.3 (13) |
| MCV (fL)§ | 85.3 ± 6.4 (29) | 82.9 ± 8.9 (21) | 87.3 ± 6.1 (13) |
| MCH (pg)§ | 29.5 ± 2.7 (29) | 27.9 ± 3.7 (21) | 29.8 ± 2.7 (13) |
| MCHC (g/dL)§ | 34.1 ± 1.6 (29) | 33.8 ± 1.5 (21) | 33.9 ± 2.3 (13) |
| RDW (%)§ | 13.3 ± 1.3 (29) | 14.0 ± 1.9 (21) | 13.0 ± 1.3 (13) |
| Rtc index (%)§ | 1.1 ± 1.4 (27)a | 1.4 ± 1.1 (21) | 1.7 ± 1.6 (11)a |
| Plt (103 cells/mm3)§ | 229.0 ± 7.0 (29)a | 213.5 ± 102 (22)b | 141.0 ± 52.0 (13)a,b |
| MPV (fL)§ | 11.0 ± 2.0 (29) | 10.2 ± 2.4 (21) | 10.0 ± 2.3 (13) |
| t-C (mg/dL)§ | 219.2 ± 65.0 (27) | 198.0 ± 59.0 (19) | 227.0 ± 61.9 (12) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL)§ | 59.8 ± 28 (27) | 59.9 ± 13.3 (21) | 60.3 ± 20.5 (12) |
| VLDL-C (mg/dL)§ | 40.0 ± 16.0 (28) | 40.5 ± 19.8 (16) | 47.0 ± 31.2 (11) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL)§ | 131.5 ± 63.3 (28) | 106.0 ± 54.0 (17) | 113.5 ± 66.3 (11) |
| TGC (mg/dL)§ | 203.0 ± 111.0 (28) | 210.0 ± 128.0 (17) | 238.0 ± 121.8 (12) |
| Proteinuria (0+)∗ | 100.0% (29)a,b | 31.3% (5)a | 0% (0)b |
| Proteinuria (1+)∗ | 0% (0) | 18.8% (3) | 22.2% (2) |
| Proteinuria (2+)∗ | 0% (0) | 37.5% (6) | 44.4% (4) |
| Proteinuria (3+)∗ | 0% (0) | 12.5% (2) | 11.1% (1) |
| Proteinuria (4+)∗ | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 22.2% (2) |
| Proteinuria (unknown) | 0% (0) | 30.4% (7) | 30.7% (4) |
| ALT (U/L)§ | 14.9 ± 2.9 (29)a,b | 17.0 ± 11.0 (23)a | 27.0 ± 27.7 (13)b |
| AST (U/L)§ | 9.0 ± 3.2 (28)a,b | 12.0 ± 7.0 (23)a | 22.0 ± 45.8 (13)b |
| LDH (U/L)§ | 193.0 ± 39.0 (27)a,b | 236.0 ± 49.0 (23)a,c | 292.0 ± 274.0 (13)b,c |
| HSA (g/dL)§ | 3.5 ± 0.4 (25)a | 3.3 ± 0.6 (15)b | 3.0 ± 0.6 (11)a,b |
| Urea (mg/dL)† | 14.6 ± 3.6 (29)a,b | 21.0 ± 10.9 (23)a,c | 35.0 ± 19.0 (13)b,c |
| Cn (mg/dL)§ | 0.58 ± 0.21 (29)a | 0.70 ± 0.2 (23) | 0.78 ± 0.29 (12)a |
| Uric acid (mg/dL)§ | 4.3 ± 1.0 (29)a,b | 5.4 ± 1.4 (23)a,c | 7.6 ± 1.4 (13)b,c |
| i-B (mg/dL)§ | 0.205 ± 0.13 (26) | 0.17 ± 0.23 (16) | 0.220 ± 0.480 (11) |
| t-B (mg/dL)§ | 0.425 ± 0.19 (26) | 0.28 ± 0.17 (20) | 0.340 ± 0.490 (13) |
| Na (mEq/L)§ | 138.0 ± 2.5 (24)a | 140.0 ± 4.0 (17)c | 136.0 ± 5.0 (13)a,c |
| K (mEq/L)§ | 4.05 ± 0.42 (25)a | 4.0 ± 0.5 (17) | 4.56 ± 0.47 (13)a |
| Fe (mg/dL)† | 78.0 ± 46.0 (27)a | 84.9 ± 46.1 (20)b | 106.5 ± 89.3 (12)a,b |
| Ferritin (ng/mL)§ | 26.5 ± 14.64 (25)a | 31.5 ± 32.5 (17)b | 156.2 ± 244.7 (12)a,b |
| RI§ | 0.78 ± 0.04 (26)a,b | 0.73 ± 0.09 (17)a | 0.63 ± 0.08 (10)b |
| PI§ | 1.96 ± 0.44 (26)a,b | 1.62 ± 0.46 (17)a | 1.14 ± 0.87 (10)b |
| PSV (cm/seg)§ | 31.4 ± 7.4 (27) | 30.6 ± 9.8 (17) | 30.0 ± 15.0 (10) |
| P2 (cm/seg)§ | 17.9 ± 10.7 (27)a | 22.3 ± 4.1 (17) | 25.3 ± 14.2 (10)a |
| PR§ | 0.58 ± 0.13 (27)a,b | 0.71 ± 0.27 (17)a | 0.85 ± 0.19 (10)b |
| V mean (cm/seg)† | 12.5 ± 4.9 (26) | 13.3 ± 4.8 (15) | 16.2 ± 7.1 (7) |
| EDV (cm/seg)§ | 7.1 ± 3.7 (27) | 8.2 ± 3.2 (17) | 10.8 ± 5.4 (9) |
| A min (∆OD)§ | 1.060 ± 0.148 (26) | 1.032 ± 0.237 (22) | 0.099 ± 0.074 (11) |
| A max (∆OD)§ | 0.019 ± 0.021 (26) | 0.019 ± 0.032 (22) | 0.009 ± 0.009 (11) |
| H 0 (g/dL NaCl)† | 0.480 ± 0.031 (26)d | 0.472 ± 0.048 (22) | 0.458 ± 0.028 (11)d |
| H 50 (g/dL NaCl)§ | 0.447 ± 0.036 (26)a | 0.437 ± 0.037 (22)d | 0.417 ± 0.028 (11)a,d |
| H 100 (g/dL NaCl)§ | 0.423 ± 0.030 (26)a | 0.402 ± 0.034 (22)d | 0.388 ± 0.013 (11)a,d |
| 1/H50 (g/dL NaCl)−1§ | 2.236 ± 0.177 (26)a | 2.283 ± 0.201 (22)d | 2.400 ± 0.161 (11)a,d |
| H 50 (g/dL NaCl)§ | 0.447 ± 0.036 (26)a | 0.437 ± 0.037 (22)d | 0.417 ± 0.028 (11)a,d |
| dX (g/dL NaCl)§ | 0.017 ± 0.027 (26) | 0.015 ± 0.007 (22) | 0.016 ± 0.010 (11) |
| dX/H50§ | 0.038 ± 0.208 (26) | 0.035 ± 0.018 (22) | 0.038 ± 0.022 (11) |
| dX/Amin§ | 0.016 ± 0.007 (26) | 0.014 ± 0.011 (22) | 0.018 ± 0.011 (11) |
The values are presented as ∗frequency, §median ± IQR (N), or †mean ± SD (N). a,b,c,dStatistically significant (p < 0.05) and borderline differences (0.05 < p < 0.10), respectively, when present as pairs of common letters. Comparisons were done by chi-square test for ∗categorical data, Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc test for §nonnormally distributed data, or ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test for †normally distributed data. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Ht, hematocrit; Hb, hemoglobin; RBC, erythrocytes; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red-cell distribution width; Rtc index, reticulocyte index; Plt, platelets; MPV, mean platelet volume; t-C, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-C, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TGC, triglycerides; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; HSA, human serum albumin; Cn, creatinine; i-B, indirect bilirubin; t-B, total bilirubin; Na+, sodium; K+, potassium; Fe, serum iron; RI, resistance index; PI, pulsatility index; PSV, peak systolic velocity; P2, second peak of systolic velocity; PR, peak ratio; Vmean, mean velocity; EDV, end-diastolic velocity; Amin, absorbance at 540 nm associated with residual lysis of the erythrocytes population; Amax, absorbance at 540 nm associated with lysis of the whole population of erythrocytes; H0, saline concentration where in vitro hemolysis begins; H50, saline concentration capable of promoting 50% hemolysis, H100, saline concentration where in vitro lysis ends; 1/H50, inverse NaCl concentration capable of promoting 50% hemolysis; dX, variation in the concentration of NaCl responsible for total hemolysis.