Table 4.
Child-Reported Quality of Life Scores of Patients With CDH Stratified by Characteristics at Birth, CDH Severity, and Major Lifetime Comorbid Conditions
| Characteristic | Patients (n) | Mean Overall Score (SD) | P Value* | Mean Physical Score (SD) | P Value* | Mean Psychosocial Score (SD) | P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics at birth | |||||||
| Sex | 0.56 | 0.16 | 0.95 | ||||
| Male | 15 | 76.4 (14.3) | 78.8 (17.4) | 75.2 (14.2) | |||
| Female | 13 | 73.3 (13.7) | 70.0 (14.5) | 75.6 (15.6) | |||
| Probability of survival score | 0.71 | 0.89 | 0.63 | ||||
| Low or intermediate | 8 | 73.4 (14.7) | 75.4 (14.1) | 73.2 (16.8) | |||
| High | 20 | 75.6 (13.9) | 74.4 (17.6) | 76.3 (13.9) | |||
| CDH type | 0.81 | 0.42 | 0.93 | ||||
| Liver down | 22 | 75.3 (13.6) | 76.0 (15.8) | 75.3 (14.2) | |||
| Liver up | 6 | 73.7 (16.2) | 69.8 (19.4) | 75.8 (17.3) | |||
| BPD | 0.56 | 0.76 | 0.47 | ||||
| Yes | 9 | 72.7 (12.0) | 73.3 (15.6) | 72.4 (11.9) | |||
| No | 19 | 76.0 (14.9) | 75.3 (17.2) | 76.8 (15.8) | |||
| Initial hospitalization, days | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.40 | ||||
| ≤ 30 | 15 | 76.3 (13.0) | 73.8 (15.7) | 78.1 (14.0) | |||
| 31–60 | 10 | 75.9 (15.7) | 78.8 (18.3) | 74.3 (15.1) | |||
| ≥ 61 | 3 | 65.6 (12.2) | 65.6 (14.3) | 65.6 (16.2) | |||
| Mechanical ventilation, days | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.88 | ||||
| ≤ 7 | 13 | 75.3 (16.1) | 73.3 (15.7) | 76.9 (17.8) | |||
| 8–21 | 10 | 74.3 (13.3) | 75.6 (19.0) | 73.7 (12.1) | |||
| ≥ 22 | 5 | 75.4 (11.2) | 76.3 (16.3) | 75.0 (11.7) | |||
| Postdischarge events | |||||||
| Hospitalizations, n | 0.75 | 0.24 | 0.39 | ||||
| 0 | 6 | 78.3 (8.5) | 70.3 (14.4) | 82.7 (9.8) | |||
| 1–2 | 11 | 75.3 (18.1) | 81.3 (17.3) | 72.7 (18.4) | |||
| ≥ 3 | 11 | 72.8 (12.0) | 70.5 (15.8) | 74.1 (11.9) | |||
| Characteristics at testing | |||||||
| Age, years | 0.76 | 0.38 | 0.99 | ||||
| 5–12 | 16 | 74.3 (13.8) | 72.3 (16.6) | 75.4 (14.4) | |||
| ≥ 13 | 12 | 75.9 (14.6) | 77.9 (16.5) | 75.4 (15.4) | |||
| Digestive issues | 0.22 | 0.51 | 0.18 | ||||
| Yes | 17 | 72.3 (15.5) | 73.0 (16.9) | 72.4 (16.3) | |||
| No | 11 | 79.1 (10.2) | 77.3 (16.2) | 80.0 (10.4) | |||
| Respiratory issues | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.10 | ||||
| Yes | 16 | 69.9 (14.7) | 68.0 (16.4) | 71.4 (16.2) | |||
| No | 12 | 81.7 (9.1) | 83.6 (11.9) | 80.7 (10.3) | |||
| Orthopedic issues | 0.76 | 0.97 | 0.67 | ||||
| Yes | 5 | 76.7 (10.5) | 74.4 (17.9) | 78.0 (8.0) | |||
| No | 23 | 74.6 (14.7) | 74.7 (16.6) | 74.8 (15.7) | |||
| Neurologic issues | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.11 | ||||
| Yes | 3 | 63.4 (15.8) | 64.6 (15.7) | 62.8 (20.0) | |||
| No | 25 | 76.4 (13.3) | 75.9 (16.4) | 76.9 (13.5) | |||
BPD Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, CHD Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, SD Standard deviation. All scores are expressed as mean (SD)
aThe given health-related quality of life score was compared across groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA)