Figure 5.

Regulatory T-cell (Treg) depletion reactivates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in memory T cells in vivo. Humanized mice were treated as described in Figure 1A and euthanized 12 weeks after infection (2 underwent mock infection [mock], 3 underwent HIV_JRCSF infection and received phosphate-buffered saline [PBS] placebo [JRCSF+PBS], 6 underwent HIV_JRCSF infection and received combination antiretroviral therapy [cART] and PBS [JRCSF+cART+PBS], and 6 underwent HIV_JRCSF infection and received cART and denileukin diftitox [DD; JRCSF+cART+DD]). Naive CD4⁺ T cells (T_N; CD3⁺CD8⁻CD45RA⁺CCR7⁺), central memory CD4⁺ T cells (T_CM; CD3⁺CD8⁻CD45RA⁻CCR7⁺), and effector memory CD4⁺ T cells (T_EM; CD3⁺CD8⁻CD45RA⁻CCR7⁻) were analyzed for p24 expression. A and B, Representative histograms of HIV_JRCSF p24⁺ cells in T_CM, T_EM, and T_N in spleen (A) and bone marrow (B) specimens. C and D, Summarized frequencies of HIV_JRCSF gag p24⁺ cells in T_CM, T_EM, and T_N in spleen (C) and bone marrow (D) specimens. Data from 2 experiments are pooled. Error bars display standard deviations. cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; DD, denileukin diftitox; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. *P < .05.