Fig. 3.

Transcripts encoding the C₄ cycle increase dramatically during leaf maturation of the C₄ species. The schematic of major components of the C₄ pathway located in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of C₄ leaves is surrounded by plots of transcript abundance for key genes of the NADP-ME subtype in transcripts per million (TPM) for the four species. RBCS1A transcripts are, as expected, higher in the C₃ species. All C₄ transcripts other than CARBONIC ANHYDRASE1 (CA1) are barely detectable in the C₃ species. PEPC1, PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE 1; NADP-MDH, NADP-DEPENDENT MALATE DEHYDROGENASE; NADP-ME1, NADP-DEPENDENT MALIC ENZYME1; PPDK, PYRUVATE,ORTHOPHOSPHATE DIKINASE; PPDK-RP1, PYRUVATE,ORRTHOPHOSPHATE DIKINASE REGULATORY PROTEIN; NHD1, SODIUM:HYDROGEN ANTIPORTER; BASS2, BILE ACID SODIUM SYMPORTER FAMILY2. The two C₄ species are shown with solid lines, and the two C₃ species with dashed lines.