Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants
| Variable | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported malaria episode in past 2 wk | 17.0 (217/1278) | 8.0 (168/2107) | 1.4 (34/2477) | <.001 |
| Self-reported antimalarial use in past 2 mo | 17.7 (225/1280) | 1.8 (39/2117) | 2.8 (71/2498) | <.001 |
| Measured fever | 1.3 (17/1280) | 1.4 (30/2092) | 1.2 (30/2430) | .843 |
| Clinical infectiona | ||||
| P. falciparum | 6.9 (38/539) | 7.6 (26/396) | 2.7 (6/226) | .039 |
| P. vivax | 3.2 (17/534) | 4.8 (13/271) | 1.0 (5/496) | .005 |
| Fever, PAF, %b | ||||
| P. falciparum | 24.1 | 8.2 | 3.7 | <.001 |
| P. vivax | 15.6 | 0 | 0.8 | <.001 |
| Anemiac | 7.2 (92/1274) | 6.1 (113/1844) | 3.5 (88/2514) | <.001 |
| Hemoglobin level, g/dL (95% CI) | 10.55 (10.46–10.66) | 10.64 (10.56–10.72) | 10.86 (10.79–10.93) | <.001d |
| Enlarged spleen | 30.2 (368/1279) | 3.2 (1928/2112) | 1.3 (62/2516) | <.001 |
Data are percentage (proportion) of samples, unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LM, light microscopy; P. falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum; P. vivax, Plasmodium vivax.
aDefined as the proportion of qPCR-positive infections that were defined as clinical malaria (based on measured or self-reported fever and LM positivity).
bPopulation attributable fraction (PAF) of measured or self-reported fever caused by LM-positive infections
cDefined as a hemoglobin level of <8 g/dL.
dAdjusted for age and sex.