Table 3.
Leaf anatomical properties of O. sativa, O. glaberrima, and T. aestivum under the control (CT) condition
Mesophyll thicknesses (Tm), mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular airspace (Sm), and stomatal size (S) and density (D) were determined from light microscope images. The ratio of the exposed chloroplast surface area to the exposed surface area of mesophyll cell walls (Sc/Sm) and mesophyll cell wall thickness (Tw) were determined from transmission electron microscope images. Chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular airspace (Sc) was obtained by multiplying Sm by L′c/L′m. Data are means±standard error of three replicates. The significance of differences between cultivars was based on a one-way analysis of variance. The significance level of overall data/within O. sativa is shown by asterisks: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
| Species | Genotype group |
Cultivar | Mesophyll | Stomata | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T m (µm) | S m (m m−2) | S c/Sm | S c (m m−2) | T w (nm) | S (µm2) | D (No. mm−2) | |||||
| Adaxial | Abaxial | Adaxial | Abaxial | ||||||||
| O. sativa | Lowland rice | IR64 | 70.9 ± 4.2 | 11.2 ± 0.2 | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 126 ± 1 | 172.1 ± 2.1 | 186.7 ± 2.5 | 621.0 ± 7.6 | 732.7 ± 15.1 |
| II | 91.6 ± 0.6 | 10.8 ± 0.2 | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 7.6 ± 0.1 | 151 ± 2 | 194.7 ± 10.3 | 203.5 ± 4.0 | 547.1 ± 5.8 | 680.9 ± 15.1 | ||
| Aerobic rice | Apo | 73.6 ± 0.9 | 10.6 ± 0.3 | 0.68 ± 0.02 | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 136 ± 3 | 217.8 ± 11.0 | 215.6 ± 11.3 | 460.0 ± 26.1 | 678.3 ± 10.2 | |
| 148 | 70.1 ± 1.5 | 9.7 ± 0.3 | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 140 ± 4 | 211.3 ± 7.0 | 213.0 ± 6.1 | 509.1 ± 17.9 | 639.4 ± 22.4 | ||
| Upland rice | UPL7 | 82.4 ± 1.7 | 10.9 ± 0.2 | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 7.7 ± 0.2 | 174 ± 2 | 188.7 ± 6.3 | 186.8 ± 5.4 | 475.6 ± 36.4 | 640.8 ± 41.6 | |
| Sal | 79.7 ± 0.7 | 11.5 ± 0.1 | 0.87 ± 0.02 | 10.1 ± 0.3 | 182 ± 1 | 185.3 ± 5.6 | 168.7 ± 4.5 | 467.4 ± 15.2 | 685.4 ± 21.7 | ||
| O. glaberrima | African rice | CG14 | 59.8 ± 1.8 | 11.9 ± 0.4 | 0.62 ± 0.03 | 7.4 ± 0.3 | 161 ± 4 | 183.5 ± 8.1 | 174.9 ± 11.6 | 361.5 ± 34.3 | 498.0 ± 52.7 |
| T. aestivum | Wheat | S82 | 164.7 ± 1.2 | 14.3 ± 1.1 | 0.81 ± 0.03 | 11.6 ± 1.0 | 110 ± 2 | 1592.4 ± 42.9 | 1755.5 ± 46.0 | 67.8 ± 0.6 | 58.7 ± 1.1 |
| We4 | 147.2 ± 2.2 | 14.9 ± 0.9 | 0.87 ± 0.01 | 13.0 ± 0.9 | 116 ± 2 | 1600.2 ± 32.9 | 1692.5 ± 72.7 | 61.7 ± 2.0 | 45.1 ± 1.8 | ||
| P-value | ***/*** | ***/* | ***/*** | ***/*** | ***/*** | ***/* | ***/** | ***/** | ***/ns | ||