Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Human Bocavirus (HBoV) Epidemiologic Data for Children With Community-Acquire Pneumonia (CAP) and Controls Enrolled at Utah and Tennessee Sites of the Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community Study
| Characteristic | CAP Group (n = 1295) |
Control Group (n = 721) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 2 (1–6) | 4 (1–9) | <.001 |
| Female sex | 599 (46) | 238 (33) | <.001 |
| Race | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 677 (52) | 583 (81) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 157 (12) | 93 (13) | .61 |
| Hispanic | 326 (25) | 84 (12) | <.001 |
| Underlying conditiona | 418 (32) | 77 (11) | <.001 |
| Time from symptom onset to specimen collection, d | 5 (3–8) | NA | NA |
| Symptoms | |||
| Fever | 1189 (92) | NA | NA |
| Cough | 1210 (93) | NA | NA |
| Dyspnea | 887 (68) | NA | NA |
| Wheezing | 693 (54) | NA | NA |
| Abdominal pain | 302 (23) | NA | NA |
| Diarrhea | 396 (31) | NA | NA |
| Pathogen detection | |||
| Virus | 925 (71) | 185 (26) | <.001 |
| Bacteria | 208 (16) | 2 (0) | <.001 |
| Codetection | |||
| Virus or bacteria | 326 (25) | 24 (3) | <.001 |
| Virus-virus | 255 (20) | 24 (3) | <.001 |
| Virus-bacteria | 92 (7) | 0 (0) | <.001 |
| Bacteria-bacteria | 9 (1) | 0 (0) | .03 |
| HBoV DNA prevalence | 135 (10) | 54 (8) | .03 |
| HBoV capsid mRNA prevalence | 27 (2) | 3 (0.4) | .002 |
Data are median value (interquartile range) or no. (%) of participants.
Abbreviations: mRNA, messenger RNA; NA, not applicable.
aIncluded asthma or reactive airway disease, chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, congenital heart disease, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression (due to a chronic condition or long-term use of medication, cancer [excluding skin cancer], or human immunodeficiency virus infection with a CD4+ T-cell count of >200 cells/mm3), neurologic disorder (including seizure disorder, cerebral palsy, and scoliosis), preterm birth (defined as a gestational age of <37 weeks at birth for children <2 years of age at the time of hospitalization), and splenectomy. Additional details regarding the prevalence of specific conditions are provide elsewhere [27].