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. 2017 Sep 27;68(17):4969–4981. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erx300

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© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 8. — The ς² (zeta2) criterion in permutation tests with N=10 000 permutations of the grouping variable. The vertical line indicates the result obtained with the true groupings. Group elements within brackets are permuted, so for example [(0,1),(2,3)] means that group labels are permuted within the subgroup (0,1) and within the subgroup (2,3). The meanings of the codes are: 0, low NUpE, low-nitrate medium; 1, low NUpE, high-nitrate medium; 2, high NUpE, low-nitrate medium; 3, high NUpE, high-nitrate medium. (A) Permuting group labels across all four groups. (B) Permuting group labels within low (0,1) and high (2,3) NUpE. (C) Permuting group labels within low-N (0,2) and high-N (1,3) media. (D) Permuting group labels within groups (0,3) and (1,2). (E) Permuting group labels within low NUpE, leaving high-NUpE group labels constant. (F) Permuting group labels within high NUpE, leaving low-NUpE group labels constant. The P-values show the probability of observing a zeta2 criterion as large as obtained with true group labels if the distribution obtained under permutation was the true distribution. (This figure is available in colour at JXB online.)