Figure 3.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor epsilon (PTPRE) is regulated by yellow fever virus (YFV) infection and synthetic YFV RNA sequences, and short YFV RNAs are generated during YFV infection of Jurkat cells. Replication of YFV, Zika virus (ZKV), and mumps virus in HepG2 cells (A). YFV, but not ZKV or mumps virus, regulated PTPRE expression 4 days postinfection (A). Using next-generation sequencing, YFV short RNA sequences were detected 3 days postinfection in Jurkat cells (B) and in Jurkat cells stably expressing YFV env RNA sequences (C). The level of complementarity with PTPRE 3ʹ-UTR target sites 1 and 2 are shown. HEK cells were transfected with synthetic YFV sequence duplex RNAs with the putative seed sequence (underlined) at the 3ʹ end (D) (YFV RNA duplex 1) or the 5ʹ end of the YFV sequence (YFV RNA duplex 2). PTPRE expression was reduced in cells transfected with RNA duplex 1 on days 4 and 5 posttransfection, but not by RNA duplex 2 (D). PTPRE expression was normalized to actin measured on the day of transfection (PTPRE/Actin). Abbreviations: PTPRE, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor epsilon; TCID₅₀, median tissue culture infective dose; YFV, yellow fever virus; ZKV, Zika virus.