Table 1.
Reference | Mosquito vector | Zika virus strain | Vector competence study | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Origin | History | Strain | Origin | Lineage | Infection Route | Competence | Summary of results | |
Aliota et al., 2016 [54] | Ae. aegypti | Black eyed Liverpool | Lab colony | PRV ABC59 | Human, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | Murine 106.8 PFU 14 di | IR 100, DR 71, TR 24 | Ae. aegypti and albopictus highly competent, Ae. triseriatus and Cx. pipiens incompetent. |
Ae. albopictus | Missouri 2002 | Lab colony | IR 100, DR 67, TR 22 | ||||||
Ae. triseriatus | Iowa 2002 | Lab colony | IR 31, DR 0 | ||||||
Cx. pipiens | Iowa 2002 | Lab colony | IR 0, DR 0 | ||||||
Amraoui et al., 2016 [57] | Cx. pipiens | Tabarka, Tunisia 2010 | Lab colony | NC-2014–5132 | Human, New Caledonia, 2014 | Asian | BM; 107.2 PFU 3 - 21 dpi (d 14 shown) | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | Culex spp. incompetent |
Cx. quinq. | San Joaquin Valley, CA 1950 | Lab colony | IR 17, DR 2, TR 0 | ||||||
Boccolini et al., 2016 [58] | Cx. pipiens | Rome, 2015 | Lab colony | H/PF/2013 | Human, French Polynesia, 2013 | Asian | BM: 106.46 PFU 3–24 dpi (d14 shown) | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | Cx. pipiens incompetent. Ae. aegypti moderately competent. |
Ae. aegypti | Reynosa, Mexico,1998 | Lab colony | IR 50, DR 50, TR 38 | ||||||
Boorman and Porterfield,1956 [8] | Ae. aegypti | Nigeria 1948 | Lab colony | MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda, 1947 | E African | BM, 106.7 LD50 60 dpi | IR 100 TR 50 | Transmission to mice |
Chouin-Carneiro et al., 2016 [113] | Ae aegypti | French Guiana | F1 | NC-2014–5132 | Human, New Caledonia, 2014 | Asian | BM 107 TCID50 per 0.03 ml 7 & 14 dpi | 7 dpi: IR 100, TR 0 | At 7 dpi high infection (low dissemination – not shown), no transmission by all vectors tested. At 14 dpi, Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti exhibited similar low transmission efficiency. |
Ae aegypti | Guadeloupe | F2 | 7 dpi: IR 87, TR 0 | ||||||
Ae aegypti | Martinique | F1 | 7 dpi I: IR 90, TR 0 | ||||||
Ae aegypti | Orlando, Florida | >F10 | 7 dpi: IR 93, TR nd | ||||||
Ae aegypti | Tubiacanga, Brazil | F1 | 7 DPI: IR 83, TR nd 14 dpi: IR 77, TR 8 |
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Ae. albopictus | Jurujuba, Brazil | F1 | 7 dpi: IR 23, TR nd | ||||||
Ae. albopictus | Vero Beach, Florida | F7 | 7 dpi: IR 60, TR 0 14 dpi: IR 50, TR 2 | ||||||
Ciota et al., 2017 [114] | Ae. albopictus | Suffolk, New York | F5-F7 | HND 2016–19563 | Human, Honduras, 2016, p2 | Asian | BM, fresh, 10 6.6-7.7 PFU 21 dpi | HND: IR 93 TR 20 CAM: IR 40 TR 10 |
Ae. albopictus IR≥ Ae. aegypti, but transmission efficiency higher for Ae. aegypti, indicating a transmission barrier in Ae. albopictus |
Ae aegypti | Poza Rica, Mexico | F5-F7 | CAM FSS130325 | Human serum, Cambodia, 2010, p4 |
Asian | HND:IR 47, TR36 CAM:IR 44, TR33 |
|||
Cornet et al., 1979 [9] | Ae. aegypti | Senegal 1971 | Lab colony | ArD 24280 | Ae. luteocephalus, 1976, Senegal | W African | IT dose unknown 7- 28 dpi | TR 91 | Ae. aegypti highly competent following inoculation |
Diagne et al., 2015 [7] | Ae. aegypti | Dakar, Senegal | Domestic F1 | ArD 128000 | Ae. luteocephalus, 1997, Kedougou, | W African | BM 6.4–7.6 log10 PFU 5–15 dpi (results shown for 15 dpi) |
Ae. aegypti, Dakar:IR+, DR+ (4 strains), TR 0 |
All vectors tested were infected by all virus strains and exhibited dissemination with ≥2 strains. Only two vectors were able transmit virus (Ae. vittatus with HD 78788 and Ae. luteocephalus with MR766). |
Ae. aegypti | Kedougou, Senegal | Sylvatic F1 | ArD 132912 | Ae. dalzieli,1998 Kedougou, p4 | W African | Ae. aegypti Kedougou: IR+ DR+ (4 strains), TR 0 | |||
Ae. unilineatus | Kedougou, Senegal | Sylvatic F1 | ArD 157995 | Ae. dalzieli 2001 Kedougou, p6 | W African | Ae. unilineatus: IR+, DR+ (2 strains), TR 0 | |||
Ae. vittatus | Kedougou, Senegal | Sylvatic F1 | ArD 165522 | Ae. Vittatus, 2002 Kedougou, p5 | W African | Ae. vittatus: IR+, DR+ (3 strains), TR 20 (HD787888) | |||
Ae. luteocephalus | Kedougou, Senegal | Sylvatic F1 | HD 78788 | Human, Dakar, 1991 | W African | Ae. luteocephalus: IR+, DR+ (5 strains), TR 10 (MR 766) | |||
MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda, 1947 | E African | |||||||
Di Luca et al., 2016 [115] | Ae. aegypti | Mexico | Lab colony | H/PF/2013 | Human, French Polynesia | Asian | BM 106.4 PFU 3–21 dpi (14 dpi shown) | IR 40, DR 40, TR 40 | Ae. aegypti more competent than Ae. albopictus |
Ae. albopictus | Italy 2015 | Lab colony | IR 20, DR 10, TR 10 | ||||||
Dodson, et al., 2017 [63] | An. gambiae | NIH | Lab colony | MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda, 1947 | E African | BM, 10 4.3-7.7 PFU 7–14 dpi (14 dpi shown) | IR 0 | Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, and Cx. quinq mosquitoes refractory to Zika virus infection. |
An. stephensi | Johns Hopkins | Lab colony | IR 0 | ||||||
Cx.quinq. | Wadsworth | Lab colony | MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda, 1947 | E African | IR 0 | |||
PRV ABC59 | Human, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | IR 0 | ||||||
Dutra et al., 2016 [116] | Ae.aegypti | Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Lab colony, wMel neg | BRPE 243/ 2015 | Human, Brazil, 2015 | Asian | BM, fresh 5x106 PFU 14 dpi | IR 100, DR 100, TR 100 | Dramatically reduced infection, dissemination and transmission rates were observed in Ae.aegypti mosquitoes naturally infected with Wolbachia bacteria. |
Lab colony, wMel pos | IR 35, DR 10, TR 45 | ||||||||
Lab colony, wMel neg | SPH/ 2015 | Human, Brazil, 2015 | Asian | BM, fresh 8.7x103 PFU 14 dpi | IR 95, DR 95, TR ND | ||||
Lab colony, wMel pos | IR 30, DR 25, TR ND | ||||||||
Fernandes et al., 2017 [69] | Cx. quinq. | Recife, NE Brazil | F1 | ZIKVPE243 | Human; Recife 2015 | Asian | BM 106.36 PFU | IR 0 |
Cx. quinq. from areas of SE Brazil were refractory to infection by ZIKV isolates from Brazil. Ae. aegypti were highly infected. 100% tested had positive salivary glands. Virus detected in salivary expectorates at level similar to Ae. aegypti |
ZIKVSPH2014 | Human Sumare 2015 | Asian | BM 107.23 PFU | IR 0 | |||||
ZIKU1/2015 | Human Rio de Janeiro | Asian | BM 106.56 PFU 7,14 dpi | 7d: IR 5 DR 0 14d: IR 0 DR 0 | |||||
Cx. quinq. | Campina Grande, NE Brazil | F1 | ZIKVPE243 | Human; Recife | Asian | BM 106.36 PFU | IR 0 | ||
ZIKVSPH2014 | Human Sumare 2015 | Asian | BM 107.23 PFU | IR 0 | |||||
ZIKU1/2015 | Human Rio de Janeiro | Asian | BM 106.56 PFU | IR 0 | |||||
Cx. quinq. | Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil | F>10 | ZIKVPE243 | Human; Recife | Asian | BM 106.36 PFU | IR 0 | ||
ZIKVSPH2014 | Human Sumare 2015 | Asian | BM 107.23 PFU | IR 0 | |||||
Cx. quinq. | Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil | F1 | ZIKVPE243 | Human; Recife | Asian | BM 106.56 PFU | IR 0 | ||
ZIKSPH2014 | Human Sumare2015 | Asian | BM 107.23 PFU | IR 0 | |||||
Ae. aegypti | Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil | F>10 | ZIKVPE243 | Human; Recife | BM 106.36 PFU | IR 68 DR 100 | |||
ZIKVSPH2014 | Human Sumare 2015 | BM 107.23 PFU | IR 100 DR 100 | ||||||
ZIKU1/2015 | Human Rio de Janeiro | BM 106.56 PFU 7 dpi | IR 75 DR 60 | ||||||
Guedes et al., 2017 [67] | Ae. aegypti | Fernando de Noronha, PE Brazil | F1 - F2 | BRPE 243/2015 | Human, Brazil 2015 | Asian | BM 106 pfu 3,7,15 dpi day (15dpi shown) | IR 40 SR 0 | Cx. quinq. positive salivary glands; virus detected in salivary expectorates at rate similar to Ae. aegypti. |
Cx. quinq. | Recife PE,Brazil | CqS Lab colony | IR 39 SR 28 | ||||||
Ae. aegypti | Recife PE,Brazil | Rec Lab colony | IR 44 SR38 | ||||||
Guo et al., 2016 [66] | Cx. quinq. | Hainan province southern China, 2014 | Lab colony | SZ01 | Human, Samoa, 2016. | Asian | BM, 105.48 PFU 2–18 dpi | 16d: IR 60 SR 0 (20% SG pos) 10 d: TR 89% mice pos |
Cx. quinq. transmitted to mice at 10 dpi, but no virus in saliva 16 dpi |
Hall-Mendelin et al., 2016 [60] | Ae. aegypti | Queensland, Australia | F4 | MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda, 1947 | E African | BM, 106.7 TCID50 14 dpi | IR 57, DR 71, TR 27 |
Ae. aegypti competent. Three other Aedes species displayed none -moderate dissemination but no transmission. Three Culex species incompetent. |
Ae. notoscriptus | Queensland, Australia | Field collected | IR 57, DR 0, TR 0 | ||||||
Ae. procax | Queensland, Australia | Field collected | IR 33, DR 17, TR 0 | ||||||
Ae. vigilax | Queensland, Australia | Field collected | IR 57, DR 27, TR 0 | ||||||
Cx. annulirostris | Queensland, Australia | Field collected | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | ||||||
Cx. quinq. | Queensland, Australia | Field collected | IR 7, DR 0, TR 0 | ||||||
Cx. sitiens | Queensland, Australia | Field collected | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | ||||||
Hart et al., 2017 [61] | Cx. quinq. | Gulf Coast, US | Lab colony | DAKAR41525 | 1985 Senegal | W African | BM 106 FFU 3–17 dp | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | Cx. quinq. and Ae. taeniorhynchus from the US Gulf Coast refractory to infection. In previous experiments, Ae. aegypti was competent for these virus strains. |
FSS13025 | 2010 Cambodia | Asian | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | ||||||
MEX1–7 | 2015 Mexico | Asian | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | ||||||
MEX 1–44 | 2015 Mexico | Ásian | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | ||||||
Cx. quinq. | Houston | F2 | FSS13025 | 2010 Cambodia | Asian | BM | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | ||
MEX1–7 | 2015 Mexico | Asian | Murine | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | |||||
PRV ABC59 | Human, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | Murine | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | |||||
Ae. taeniorhynchus | Gulf Coast, US | Lab colony | MEX 1–44 | 2015 Mexico | Ásian | BM | IR 0, DR 0, TR 0 | ||
Heitmann et al. 2017 [64] | Ae. aegypti | Bayer company | Lab colony | FB-GWUH-2016 | Travel case (Mexico, Belize, & Guatemala) | Asian | BM 107 PFU/ml 14 & 21 dpi (14 dpi shown) |
18°C: IR 55, TR 0 27°C: IR49, TR22 |
Aedes spp. colonies competent only at 27°C at 14 dpi with similar transmission rates. Three Culex species, collected in Germany were not competent for ZIKV. |
Ae. albopictus | Calabria, Italy 2016 | F7 | 18°C:IR 63, TR 0 27°C:IR 71, TR13 |
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Ae. albopictus | Freiburg, Germany 2016 | F7 | 18°C: IR 13, TR 0 27°C: IR 65, TR 13 |
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Cx. p. molestus | Heidelberg, Germany 2011 | Lab colony | 18°C: IR 29, TR 0 27°C: IR 24, TR 0 |
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Cx. p. pipiens | Hamburg, Germany | Field collected | 18°C: IR 47, TR 0 27°C: IR 8, TR 0 |
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Cx. torrentium | Hamburg, Germany | Field collected | 18°C: IR 31, TR 0 27°C: IR 11, TR0 |
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Huang et al., 2016 [55] | Cx. pipiens | Anderson, CA | F15 | PRV ABC59 | Human serum, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | BM 10 6.52 TCID50 7 & 14 dpi | 7 dp: IR 0, DR 0 14 dpi IR 0, DR 0 | Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinq. incompetent |
Cx. pipiens | Ewing, NJ | F7 | 7 dp: IR 0, DR 0 14 dpi IR 0, DR 0 | ||||||
Cx. quinq. | Vero Beach, FL | F7 | 7 dp: IR 0, DR 0 14 dpi IR 0, DR 0 | ||||||
Kenney et al., 2017 [56] | Cx quinq. | Florida 1988 | Lab colony | MR 766 | Monkey Uganda, 1947 | E African | BM: 106 PFU 14 dpi | IR 1, DR 0 | Minimal infection, but no dissemination. IT inoculation to bypass midgut: moderate infection but no transmission except by Ae.aegypti |
IT: 106.7 PFU 7 dpi | IR 70, TR 0 | ||||||||
PRV ABC59 | Human, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | BM: 107.1 PFU 14 dpi | IR 0, T 0 | |||||
IT: 106 PFU 7 dpi | IR 15, TR 0 | ||||||||
R103451 | Human, Honduras 2016 | Asian | BM: 107.6 PFU 14 dpi | IR 0, TR 0 | |||||
Cx pipiens | Chicago 2010 | Lab colony | MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda 1947 | E African | BM: 106 PFU 14 dpi | IR 5, DR 0 | ||
PRV ABC59 | Human, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | BM: 106 PFU 14 dpi | IR 10, DR 0 | |||||
IT: 106 PFU 7 dpi | IR 61, TR 0 | ||||||||
Ae aegypti | Poza Rica, Mexico | Lab colony | PRV ABC59 | Human, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | IT: 106 PFU | IR 100, TR 67 | ||
Ledermann et al., 2014 [12] | Ae. (Stegomyia) hensilli | Yap Island, Micronesia | F12- F15 | MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda, 1947 | E African | BM, 104.9 PFU 8 dpi | IR 86 DR 20 TR nd | Ae. hensilli exhibited high infection and moderate dissemination rates. |
Li et al., 2012 [117] | Ae. aegypti | Singapore | Field | MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda, 1947 | E African | BM 107 TCID50, 1–14 dpi (14 dpi shown) | IR 100, DR 100, TF 100 | Ae aegypti highly competent. |
Richard et al., 2016 [15] | Ae. aegypti | Tahiti 2014 | F16-F18 | PF13/251013–18 | Human, French Polynesia, 2013 | Asian | Blood meal, 107 TCID50 2–21 dpi (14 dpi shown) | IR 85, DR 85, TR 36 | Polynesian Ae. aegypti highly competent. Ae. polynesiensis showed moderate infection and dissemination but no transmission |
Ae. polynesiensis | Tahiti 2014 | F16-F18 | IR 36, DR 18 TR 0 | ||||||
Roundy et al. 2017 [52] | Ae. aegypti | Salvador, Brazil | F2 | DAK AR 41525 |
Senegal | W African | BM/murine 10 4-6 FFU/mL 4–14 dpi (results shown for 14 dpi 10 6 /mL) |
BM: IR 100 TR 100 | Transmission highest for Senegal strain. Blood meals from viremic mice were more infectious than artificial blood meals of comparable doses. |
FSS 13025 | Cambodia | Asian | BM: IR 75 TR 0 Murine: IR 100 TR 40 | ||||||
MEX1-7 | Mexico 2015 | Asian | BM: IR 75 TR 0 | ||||||
Ae. aegypti | Dominican Republic, Caribbean | F6 | DAKAR 41525 | Senegal | W African | BM: IR 100 TR 100 | |||
FSS 13025 | Cambodia | Asian | BM: IR 100 TR 18 | ||||||
MEX1–7 | Mexico 2015 | Asian | BM: IR 90 TR 20 | ||||||
Ae. aegypti | RioGrande Valley, Texas, US | F4 | DAKAR 41525 | Senegal | W African | BM: IR 100 TR 30 | |||
FSS 13025 | Cambodia | Asian | BM: IR 40 TR 0 | ||||||
MEX1–7 | Mexico 2015 | Asian | BM: IR 65 TR 0 | ||||||
Weger- Lucarelli et al., 2016 [62] | Ae. aegypti | Poza Rica, MX | F11-13 | PRV ABC59 | Human, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | BM, Fresh 106.3 PFU 14 dpi | IR 95, DR 92, TR 70 | ZIKV efficiently transmitted by Ae.aegypti from Mexico. Compared to frozen preparations, blood meals containing fresh virus resulted in higher infection and dissemination rates especially at early dpi. Fresh virus did not infect the three Culex species. |
BM, Frozen 4 hr 107.2 PFU 14 dpi | IR 95, DR 80, TR 65 | ||||||||
BM, Frozen 1 wk 107.2 PFU 14 dpi | IR 60, DR 40, TR 22 | ||||||||
DAKAR 41525 | AE Africanus, Senegal, 1984 | W African | BM, Frozen 107.2 PFU 14 dpi | IR 75, DR 60, TR 55 | |||||
PRV ABC59 | Human serum, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | IR 60, DR 40, TR 25 | ||||||
MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda, 1947 | E African | IR 58, DR 40, TR 37 | ||||||
Cx. quinq. | Florida1988 | Lab colony | PRV ABC59 | Human serum, Puerto Rico, 2015 | Asian | BM, Fresh 106.7 PFU 14 dpi | IR 0 | ||
Cx pipiens | Pennsylvania 2002 | Lab colony | IR 0 | ||||||
Cx. tarsalis | California 1953 | Lab colony | IR 0 | ||||||
Ae. aegypti | Poza Rica, MX | F11-13 | IR 96 | ||||||
Wong et al., 2013 [118] | Ae. albopictus | Singapore | Field | MR 766 | Monkey, Uganda, 1947 | E African | BM, fresh 107.5 TCID50, 10 dpi | IR 83, DR 100, TR 100 | Ae. albopictus highly competent. |
Abbreviations: Ae., Aedes; An., Anopheles; BM, mosquitoes fed by artificial blood meal; Cx., Culex; Cx. quinq, Cx. quinquefasciatus; d or dpi, day post-infection; DR, dissemination rate, percentage of engorged females with virus in legs, head, and/or salivary glands; ID50, 50% infectious dose; IR, infection rate, percentage infected at 14 dpi unless otherwise stated; IT, intrathoracic inoculation; nd, not done; NIH, National Institute of Health; SR, salivary rate; TR, transmission rate, percentage of engorged females with virus in saliva at 14 dpi unless otherwise noted; murine: mosquitoes infected by feeding on an infected mouse; BM: mosquitoes fed on artificial blood meal; blood meal titers expressed as PFU (plaque forming unit), FFU (fluorescence focus units), TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose), ID50 (50% infectious dose), per mL; temperature (°C): extrinsic incubation temperature.
aData in Table 1 is the best estimate of IR, DR, TR determined as proportion of all engorged females in the experiment, but because raw data was not available, slight differences from the actual results may be present.