TABLE 1.
Studies examining the fecal pH of healthy, breastfed infants
| Study author(s) (country) | Yr | Fecal pH | SD | Sample size | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eitel (Germany)a | 1917 | 4.6–5.6 | NRb | NR | 19 |
| Freudenberg and Heller (Germany)a |
1921 | 4.8–5.6 | NR | NR | 20 |
| Tisdall (Canada)a | 1924 | 4.7–5.1 | NR | NR | 21 |
| Norton (United States) | 1926 | 4.88 | 0.22 | 19 | 9 |
| Uldall (Denmark) | 1942 | 5.5 | 0.56 | 17 | 22 |
| Barbero (United States) | 1952 | 5.5 | NR | 7 | 23 |
| Pratt (United States) | 1955 | 5.4 | NR | 71 | 24 |
| Nagai (Japan) | 1960 | 5.3 | 0.25 | 9 | 25 |
| Bullen (United Kingdom) | 1971 | 5.2 | 0.43 | 10 | 26 |
| Bullen (United Kingdom) | 1977 | 5.1 | NR | 13 | 27 |
| Simhon (United Kingdom) | 1982 | 5.9 | NR | 17 | 28 |
| Balmer (United Kingdom) | 1989 | 6.18 | 0.67 | 38 | 29 |
| Ogawa (Argentina) | 1992 | 5.8 | 0.6 | 7 | 30 |
| Knol (Germany) | 2005 | 5.8 | NR | 21 | 31 |
| Mohan (Germany) | 2008 | 6.38 | 0.1 | 32 | 32 |
| Holscher (United States) | 2011 | 6.41 | 0.11 | 33 | 33 |
| Matsuki (Japan)a | 2016 | 5.9 | 0.6 | 15 | 8 |
| Frese (United States) | 2017 | 5.97 | 0.57 | 18 | 7 |
a
Report excluded for insufficient data.
b
NR, not reported.