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. 2016 Apr 1;111(1):66–73. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvw072

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The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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The power generation of a single cardiomyocyte. (A) Diagram to illustrate that the expected power generated by a single cardiomyocyte will be maximal at intermediate values of after-load; (B) work performed by a single isolated cardiomyocyte (paced at 4 Hz) plotted as a function of after-load for three different values of pre-load (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 μN). Data were fitted with a parabola to find the highest value of performed work; (C) peak power generated by a single isolated cardiomyocyte as a function of pacing frequency. The maximum peak power is generated at physiological rates, where pre-load is the main determinant of power generation.