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. 2016 Dec 31;68(2):311–320. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw475

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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 3. — Structures and sequences of mesophyll expression module 1 (MEM1) and MEM1-like elements. (A) The mesophyll expression module 1 (MEM1) and MEM1-like elements of C₄Flaveria ppcA and ca3 genes, respectively, are located within the first 2 kb upstream of the translation start sites of the proteins. The 41 bp elements consist of A and B segments, with the sequence of the ca3 A segment inverted relative to that of ppcA. (B) The B segments of the F. bidentis ca3 MEM1-like element, like the C₄Flaveria ppcA MEM1, encodes a CACT tetranucleotide; however, the corresponding region of the MEM1-like B segment from F. trinervia ca3, is a CATT tetranucleotide. Little sequence homology is seen in the comparable upstream region of the ca3 gene from the C₃ species F. pringlei. (This figure is available in colour at JXB online.)