Table 1.
Characteristics of Adults and Children Hospitalized With Acute Febrile Illness, by Isolation of a Bacterial Pathogen From Any Clinical Culture
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 1524) | Pathogen Isolated | Adults (n = 842), Pathogen Isolated | Children (n = 682), Pathogen Isolated | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 1409) | Yes (n = 115) | P | No (n = 777) | Yes (n = 65) |
P | No (n = 632) | Yes (n = 50) | P | ||
| Age, y | 17 (3–31) | 17 (3–30) | 21 (3–43.5) | .06 | 28 (21–43) | 40 (30–56) | <.01 | 2 (1–6) | 2 (1–6) | .52 |
| Male sex | 882 (58) | 823 (58) | 59 (51) | .14 | 466 (60) | 36 (55) | .51 | 357 (56) | 23 (46) | .18 |
| Alcohol use (adults only)a | … | … | … | 66 (10) | 10 (24) | .02 | … | … | ||
| Smoking (adults only)a | … | … | … | 81 (13) | 3 (7) | .46 | … | … | ||
| Income <5000 rupees/mo | 605 (40) | 538 (38) | 67 (58) | <.01 | 281 (36) | 38 (58) | <.01 | 257 (41) | 29 (58) | .02 |
| Blood cultures performed before antibiotic useb | 712 (48) | 658 (48) | 54 (48) | 1 | 278 (37) | 21 (34) | .68 | 380 (62) | 33 (66) | .65 |
| Diabetes mellitusa | 42 (3) | 36 (3) | 6 (9) | .03 | 35 (5) | 6 (14) | .03 | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| HIV positivec | 109 (13) | 95 (13) | 14 (19) | .1 | 83 (12) | 13 (23) | .04 | 12 (18) | 1 (7) | .44 |
| Severe malnutrition (children only) | … | … | … | … | … | 116 (21) | 4 (9) | .05 | ||
| Antibiotic use within past mo | 357 (23) | 332 (24) | 25 (22) | .73 | 203 (26) | 17 (26) | 1 | 129 (20) | 8 (16) | .58 |
| Antibiotic use within past wk | 324 (21) | 302 (21) | 22 (19) | .64 | 187 (24) | 16 (25) | .88 | 115 (18) | 6 (12) | .34 |
| Length of stay, d | 4 (3–7) | 4 (3–7) | 5 (3–12) | <.01 | 3 (2–5) | 4 (3–7.25) | <.01 | 6 (4–10) | 6.5 (4–13.8) | .23 |
| In-hospital mortality | 119 (8) | 101 (7) | 18 (16) | <.01 | 53 (7) | 10 (16) | .02 | 48 (8) | 8 (17) | .05 |
Data are median (interquartile range) or no. (%) of participants. Adults and adolescents are defined as participants aged ≥12 years. Children are defined as participants aged 6 months to 12 years. Nonpathogenic isolates have been excluded.
aData for alcoholism, smoking, and diabetes were not collected for the first 5 months of the study. Percentages reflect a denominator of 688 adults and 545 children.
bInformation was not available for 41 patients.
cHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was known for 746 adults; data were not systematically collected for all children.