Figure 2.

Chymase level is a prognostic biomarker of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). A, Patients with DHF (n = 99) had significantly higher levels of serum chymase as compared to patients with DF (n = 223) and the subset of patients with DF who had bleeding (DFWB; n = 15). Patients with DFWB had elevated chymase levels as compared to all patients with DF that were still significantly lower than those in patients with a diagnosis of DHF. B, Chymase levels were significantly higher in patients with DHF in all age groups. Data are for 18 patients with DF and 10 with DHF who were aged 0–5 years; 20 and 18, respectively, aged 6–9 years; 52 and 16, respectively, aged 10–18 years; 130 and 48, respectively, aged 18–45 years; and 27 and 7, respectively, aged >45 years. C, Chymase levels were significantly elevated in patients with DHF, compared with levels among patients with DF, enrolled on days 3–6 after fever onset. Data are for 43 patients with DF and 15 with DHF on day 3; 78 and 36, respectively, on day 4; 63 and 23, respectively, on day 5; and 30 and 14, respectively, on day 6. D, Platelet counts in acute blood samples collected on the day of study enrollment did not differ between DF and DHF groups (analysis was performed using the Student unpaired t test). Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. *P < .05, by 1-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni post hoc test.