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. 2017 Sep 27;217(1):82–92. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix524

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Resistance determinants by antibiotic class and plasmid replicons identified in the 133 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates included in the study. Isolates are chronologically organized by year of isolation (2002 to 2014). Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates belonging to ST258 are identified by a red triangle; isolates belonging to ST512 are identified by a black triangle; first blaKPC-2 harboring isolates recovered in 2005 are denoted by black circles. For all classes of resistance determinants, white means absence and any color means presence. Gray scale indicates the number of copies of the same gene, regardless of the variant found (light, 1 copy; medium, 2 copies; dark, 3 copies). β-lactamases of special interest are highlighted in color: blaCTX-M-12 (green), blaCTX-M-15 (orange), blaKPC-2 (red), and blaKPC-3 (blue). Resistance determinants detected in the isolates include: narrow spectrum β-lactamases (TEM-1, SHV-1 SHV-11, OKP-1, LEN-1/12/16); extended spectrum β-lactamases (SHV-5/11/12/25/27/31/33/101/108/129, CTX-M 2/12/15/96, OXA-1/2/9/47), carbapenemases (KPC-2/3, VIM-24); aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes [aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferases (AAC), aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltranferases (ANT), aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferases (APH)]; 16S rRNA-modifying enzymes [methyltransferases (RMT)]; quinolone conferring resistance enzymes [plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance (QNR), OqxA-B efflux pump, and N-acetyltransferase AAC(6′)-Ib-cr]; fosfomycin resistance proteins (FosA, FosB); macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins (MLS) resistance determinants [ErmB rRNA methylase (ERM) and macrolide phosphorylases (MphA/B)]; chloramphenicol resistance determinants [chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CatA1) and chloramphenicol resistance efflux protein, CmlA]; rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferase (Arr); trimethoprim dihydrofolate reductase (DfrA); tetracycline efflux pump (TetA-C); sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes encoding dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS). For plasmid replicons, an 80% similarity cutoff in PlasmidFinder was used; gray indicates presence, and color indicates plasmid types of interest: IncFIB(pQIL), cyan; IncI2, purple; IncP6, magenta.