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. 2017 Jun 17;216(4):436–446. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix291

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© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 3. — The lysophospholipid profiles of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)/ human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–exposed infants vs control infants. A, Lysophospholipid profiles: The increased saturated lysophospholipids and decreased unsaturated lysophospholipid in the plasma of cART/HIV-1–exposed infants are shown as dark grey rings on the volcano plot. Volcano plots visualizes the log₁₀ (Mann–Whitney P value) on the y-axis and the log₂ (fold change [FC]) on the x-axis for each metabolite compared between the cART/HIV-1–exposed infants vs control infants. The dotted lines represent the significance thresholds with FC > 1.25 and FC < 0.75 on the x-axis and P < .05 on the y-axis. B, Lysophospholipid saturation composition average: a significant change in the ratio of saturated vs unsaturated C18 lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine species was found in the cART/HIV-1–exposed infants compared to control infants. Ratios revealed an almost doubling in the percentage of stearic acid vs oleic and linoleic acid species in cART/HIV-1–exposed infants. Black, gray, and light gray represents the group-averaged stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2), respectively. Unpaired t test on the intergroup ratios. **P < .01. Abbreviations: cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; FA, fatty acid; FC, fold change; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine; SFA, saturated fatty acid; SN, stereospecific numbering; UFA, unsaturated fatty acid.