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. 2017 Mar 9;215(8):1285–1293. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix115

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Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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Figure 2. — Sand flies can acquire infection from both blood and skin. A, Transmission of Leishmania donovani strain Mongi to flies by artificial feeding on the blood or skin of sick hamsters not previously exposed to sand fly bites. Fifty flies were used in each of the artificial feeding conditions. Data are percentages of blood-fed flies positive for parasites, with mean values denoted by bars (data are for 5 hamsters). B, Transmission of L. donovani strain Mongi to flies by artificial feeding on the blood or skin of sick hamsters with an initial exposure to sand fly bites and a second exposure 24 hours later on the same sites. Blood and skin specimens were obtained immediately following the second exposure. Data are percentages of blood-fed flies positive for parasites, with mean values denoted by bars (data are for 11 hamsters).