Table 1.
Associations Between Exposure to Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy Drugs and Transporter Gene Polymorphisms
| No Exposure vs IPTp | SP vs DP | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Locus | IPTp Drug Exposure | Prevalence of Mutant and Mixed Infections | Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) |
P Value | Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) |
P Value |
| pfmdr1 N86Y | None | 46/213 (21.6%) | reference | … | … | … |
| SP | 32/117 (27.4%) | 1.26 (.83–1.93) | .28 | reference | … | |
| DP | 42/65 (64.6%) | 2.99 (2.13–4.21) | <.001 | 2.42 (1.64–3.56) | <.001 | |
| pfmdr1 Y184F | None | 142/214 (66.4%) | reference | … | … | … |
| SP | 71/120 (59.2%) | 0.89 (.73–1.08) | .25 | reference | … | |
| DP | 62/66 (93.9%) | 1.42 (1.26–1.60) | <.001 | 1.58 (1.33–1.87) | <.001 | |
| pfmdr1 D1246Y | None | 55/207 (26.6%) | reference | … | … | … |
| SP | 26/116 (22.4%) | 0.85 (.56–1.29) | .44 | reference | … | |
| DP | 4/64 (6.3%) | 0.22 (.06–.74) | .02 | 0.25 (.08–.84) | .03 | |
| pfcrt K76T | None | 160/216 (74.1%) | reference | … | … | … |
| SP | 92/122 (75.4%) | 1.02 (.89–116) | .80 | reference | … | |
| DP | 57/65 (87.7%) | 1.19 (1.05–1.33) | .004 | 1.16 (1.02–1.33) | .03 | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DP, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; IPTp, intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy; SP, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.