Table 2.
Frequency of PDR Detected by Oligonucleotide Ligation Assaya in Participants Qualifying for First-Line ARTb by History of ARV Use (n = 987)
| Mutant Codon c |
ARV naive
(n = 849)d |
ARV experienced
(n = 138) |
Total
(n = 987) |
|---|---|---|---|
| K103N | 38 (4.5%) | 11 (8.0%) | 49 (5.0%) |
| Y181C | 5 (0.6%) | 2 (1.5%) | 7 (0.7%) |
| G190A | 5 (0.6%) | 2 (1.5%) | 7 (0.7%) |
| M184V | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| K65R | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.2%) |
| K103N + Y181C | 4 (0.5%) | 2 (1.5%) | 6 (0.6%) |
| K103N + G190A | 5 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.5%) |
| K103N + M184V | 8 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (0.8%) |
| Y181C + K65R | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.2%) |
| G190A + M184V | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.2%) |
| K103N + Y181C + M184V | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| K103N + M184V + K65R | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| Y181C + M184V + K65R | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.2%) |
| G190A + M184V + K65R | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| K103N + Y181C + G190A + K65R | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| Total cases of PDR | 78 (9.2%) | 17 (12.3%) | 95 (9.6%) |
Abbreviations: PDR, pretreatment drug resistance; OLA, oligonucleotide ligation assay; ART, antiretroviral therapy; ARV, antiretroviral.
aOLA is a point mutation test designed to detect K103N, Y181C, M184V, G190A, and K65R.
bFirst-line ART indicates nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral treatment.
c1 ARV-naive child had PDR detected at Y181C. All other mutations were detected in adults.
dARV naive includes 815/951 adults and 34/36 children.