Table 2.

Ranges of geography, climate, and soil characteristics of C₃–C₄ taxa within each lineage group

C3–C4 group	n	Latitude	Altitude (m)	MAT (°C)	MAP (mm)	OC (% weight)	TEB (cmol/kg)	CEC (cmol/kg)	pH (–log (H+))
Eudicots
Alternanthera	714	35°S–51°N	0–2873	8–29	363–4523	0.1–16	0.2–76	1–76	3.3–8.4
Anticharis	12	29°S–22°S	289–1831	18–23	27–442	0.3–0.7	1.5–16	2–16	5.5–8.6
Blepharis	84	33°S–12°S	182–2555	10–23	100–1228	0.1–1.6	0–41	0–41	4.9–9.8
Cleome	7	11°N–16°N	23–777	25–29	38–503	0.3–0.7	6.8–17	6–17	6.5–8.1
Diplotaxis a	14362	50°S–65°N	–409 to 3959	–2 to 26	33–2990	0.1–39.4	0.8–68.2	1–87	4.1–8.8
Euphorbia	60	25°N–38°N	59–1913	11–23	245–736	0.4–1.8	4.4–31.1	5–23	6.0–8.4
Flaveria	209	17°N–35°N	–1 to 3116	10–27	214–1581	0.3–14	1.7–83	4–83	4.5–8.4
Heliotropium	218	15°S–40°N	0–2543	9–26	63–2183	0.1–14	1.1–44	2–44	4.7–8.4
Hypertelis	16	29°S–28°S	68–1086	16–23	41–98	0.4–0.7	4.0–16	4–16	6.5–8.5
Mollugo a	1889	38°S–53°N	–5 to 4209	0–30	1–4048	0.1–35.3	0.2–83	2–85	3.3–10.2
Moricandia a	1153	35°S–60°N	–251 to 2701	6–25	10–1328	0.2–2.7	2.0–46.6	3–43	4.4–8.7
Parthenium a	11	22°S–33°N	–228 to 904	18–23	325–1685	0.4–1.6	1.7–45.2	6–44	4.9–8.1
Portulaca	35	34°S–17°S	2–1948	15–26	308–1749	0.4–2.5	0.6–43.4	2–43	4.9–9.0
Salsola	32	28°N–40°N	5–1066	14–21	97–545	0.5–1.4	4.5–24.3	5–16	6.4–8.0
Sedobassia	3	43°N–48°N	64–97	10–12	527–540	1.1–1.7	38.0–40.9	23–43	6.9–7.8
Monocots
Eleocharis	604	35°S–51°N	–1 to 3805	–1 to 29	163–4614	0.1–35.3	0.2–76	2–84	3.3–8.9
Alloteropsis	13	13°S–6°S	958–2264	18–24	812–1439	0.7–2.5	0.8–12	5–20	4.6–6.5
Homolepis	411	18°S–20°N	0–3548	8–28	671–7731	0.1–28	0.2–83	1–85	3.3–8.3
Neurachne	69	34°S–23°S	205–637	14–24	166–1128	0.3–2.1	2.1–18.1	2–15	4.5–8.3
Steinchisma a	486	35°S–37°N	2–4524	3–27	229–3104	0.2–5.3	0.2–45.2	2–46	3.5–9

CEC, topsoil cation exchange capacity; MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual temperature; OC, topsoil organic matter content; TEB, topsoil total exchangeable bases.

^a C₃–C₄ lineages lacking close C₄ relatives.