Fig. 3.

Darkness-temperature and initial (pre-darkness) shade treatment effects on survival time under darkness treatment. The number of days from the onset of darkness until (a) half the stem was dead (SHD) and (b) the whole stem was dead (SAD). Significant effects from permutation-based ANOVA are shown. Points represent individual seedling values. Inset graphs show treatment means ± SE, with different letters indicating significant differences between initial shade treatments across both darkness temperatures (i.e. main shade treatment effect) according to Tukey’s HSD. For sample sizes, see Supplementary Table S3.