Table 2.
Mean-group Comparisons between Runners as a Function of Chosen Dominant Achievement Goal.
| Dominant or Preferred Goal |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Intra-approach goals (N = 111; 63.1% males) | Intra-avoidance goals (N = 86; 59.3% males) | Normative-approach goals (N = 11; 81.8% males) | Normative-avoidance goals (N = 13; 61.5% males) | F-statistic | |||||
| Pre-race assessment | ||||||||||
| 1. Challenge appraisal | 5.19 | (0.85) | 4.93 | (0.80) | 5.02 | (1.15) | 5.22 | (1.11) | (3, 207) | 1.43 |
| 2. Threat appraisal | 2.00 | (0.84) | 2.02 | (0.95) | 2.22 | (1.04) | 2.91 | (1.39) | (3, 207) | 3.37 |
| 3. Aspired time | 106.67 | (17.33) | 119.33 | (21.50) | 105.33 | (20.50) | 121.83 | (15.67) | (3, 211) | 8.47* |
| Post-race assessment | ||||||||||
| 4. Positive self-talk | 1.89 | (0.69) | 1.76 | (0.69) | 2.17 | (0.48) | 2.20 | (0.51) | (3, 176) | 2.03 |
| 5. Negative self-talk | 0.67 | (0.46) | 0.68 | (0.40) | 0.51 | (0.20) | 1.06 | (0.72) | (3, 176) | 3.01 |
| 6. Autonomy satisfaction | 6.36 | (0.71) | 6.27 | (0.74) | 6.62 | (0.45) | 6.41 | (0.76) | (3, 173) | 0.62 |
| 7. Competence satisfaction | 5.49 | (0.98) | 5.17 | (0.93) | 5.96 | (0.55) | 5.36 | (1.00) | (3, 173) | 2.34 |
| 8. Flow | 3.42 | (0.49) | 3.47 | (0.44) | 3.38 | (0.35) | 3.47 | (0.41) | (3, 168) | 0.19 |
| 9. Actual performance | 109.58 | (18.50) | 123.42 | (23.05) | 109.45 | (23.23) | 125.32 | (15.20) | (3, 201) | 8.08* |
Note. *p ≤ .0038. Due to Multiple Comparisons, alpha was set at the .0038 level.