Figure 3.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonism reduces cellular recruitment to the lungs after Bordetella pertussis infection. A, Total cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) isolated from animals receiving a sham inoculum of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (white bars), B. pertussis inoculation followed by delivery of vehicle (black bars) 1 hour later, or B. pertussis infection followed by delivery of S1PR agonist AAL-R (gray bars) 1 hour later. B, Percentage of cells isolated from the BALF of animals receiving PBS (white bars), B. pertussis followed by vehicle (black bars), or B. pertussis followed by S1PR agonist AAL-R (gray bars) were stained for T-cell marker CD3, macrophage marker F4/80, or neutrophil marker Ly6G. Populations were assessed using the LSR-II flow cytometer. Results are presented as means with SDs. *P < .05; ^†P < .01.