Table 4.
Overview of intervention studies evaluating the effectiveness of MI in rheumatic/musculoskeletal conditions
| Authors | Aim/objective | Study design | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chilton et al. (2012) [44] | To evaluate the effectiveness of MI to create change within musculoskeletal health care and identify the level of training received | Systematic review | Five studies within chronic pain, low back pain, FM and osteoporosis (cluster/non/and randomized trials, and quasi-experimental studies) | Inconclusive due to great variation in delivery modality, musculoskeletal conditions and type of MI intervention |
| Zwikker et al. (2014) [36] | To assess the effect of an intervention based on MI on changes in medication beliefs and adherence in RA | Single-centre researcher-blinded randomized clinical trial with two arms 1:1 | MI-guided group sessions led by a pharmacist vs brochures about prescribed DMARD (information only) | No superiority of intervention over control arm in changing beliefs about medication and increasing adherence-related outcomes such as walking and cholesterol levels |
| Karlsson et al. (2014) [45] | To develop and evaluate a method for smoking cessation support for patients with RA | Pilot study | Rheumatology nurse with MI and smoking cessation training provided individualized smoking cessation support every 4 weeks over 2 years | 43% of patients with RA within the smoking cessation programme stopped smoking |
| Ferguson et al. (2013) [46] | To adapt a psychological intervention based on CBT and MI for RA patients and assess its effectiveness in terms of improving adherence and quality of life | Pilot study | Up to six individual sessions of compliance therapy vs usual care | Significant improvement in mean post-intervention scores on both adherence measures, but not in the control group |
| Ang et al. (2013) [47] | To test the efficacy of MI in promoting exercise and improve symptoms in patients with FM | RCT | Six MI sessions vs an equal number of FM self-management lessons (education) | Despite a lack of benefit in the long-term, MI appeared to confer short-term benefits with regard to self-reported physical activity and clinical outcomes |
| Everett et al. (2012) [48] | To evaluate the 6 month effect of INC on patients with SLE participating in an ongoing CVD prevention counselling programme | Interventional study | INC incorporated patient-centred methods (tailored nutrition education, goal-setting and MI). Changes in select nutrients and diet habits, anthropometric measures and clinical outcomes were evaluated | A 6 month preliminary analysis suggested that INC using patient-centred methods was effective in promoting changes in nutrient intake, diet habits and possibly anthropometric measures (reduced sodium, fat, cholesterol and calorie intake and increased consumption of fruits, vegetables and fibre) |
| De Gucht et al. (2012) [49] | To examine the effects of a theory-based psychological intervention to increase physical activity among patients with RA | Interventional study | A 1 hour patient education session, one MI and two SR sessions vs patient education alone | The MI + SR intervention outperformed the control group in terms of sustained increases in physical activity at 32 weeks |
| Stockl et al. (2010) [50] | To evaluate adherence to injectable RA medications and assess health-related quality of life, work productivity and physical functioning | Observational cohort study | RA DTM programme vs specialty and community pharmacy services. DTM included patient-centred methods, MI elements, education and self-management skills training | Patients in the DTM programme had significantly higher injectable RA medication adherence compared with specialty and community patients. SF-12 physical components and HAQ-DI scores were significantly improved as well |
CBT: cognitive behavioural therapy; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DTM: disease therapy management; HAQ-DI: Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index; INC: individualized nutrition counselling; MI: motivational interviewing; RCT: randomized controlled trial; SF-12: 12-item Short Form Health Survey; SR, self-regulation.