Table 1.
Correlations and descriptive statistics for all variables modelled.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proximal externally regulated | ||||||||
| 2 | Distal externally regulated | .46** | |||||||
| 3 | Distal internally regulated | .20** | .67** | ||||||
| 4 | Socially regulated | .11* | .54** | .46** | |||||
| 5 | Amotivation | .11** | –.16** | –.43** | –.06 | ||||
| 6 | Deep Approaches | –.08 | .28** | .60** | .30** | –.27** | |||
| 7 | Surface Approaches | .19** | .01 | .19** | .06 | .33** | .32** | ||
| 8 | GPA | –.07 | .07 | .11** | .02 | –.27** | .05 | –.14** | |
| 9 | Gender (female = 1, Male = 2) | –.00 | –.00 | –.13** | –.02 | .14** | –.11** | .00 | –.30** |
| MEAN | 4.31 | 4.02 | 4.09 | 2.85 | 2.7 | 3.52 | 3.88 | 2.21 | |
| SD | .83 | .94 | .85 | .94 | .82 | .67 | .65 | .84 | |
| Cronbach’s Alpha | .74 | .78 | .78 | .78 | .86 | .74 | .60 | / | |
| Items | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 1 | |
Note: * p < .05; ** p < .01. Measures 1–9 are measured on a scale of 1–6. GPA is measured on scale 0–4.33. Gender is female = 1 and Male = 2.