Table 1. Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients undergoing simultaneous treatment of the primary colorectal carcinoma and liver metastases.
| Total | Liver resection | Liver resection + RFA | RFA alone | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 106 | 59 | 34 | 13 | |
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Mean age ± SD | 61.3 ± 11.5 | 63.0 ± 11.3 | 58.8 ± 11.0 | 59.8 ± 13.4 | 0.210 |
| Male gender | 59 (55.7%) | 33 (55.9%) | 19 (55.9%) | 7 (53.8%) | 0.990 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| BMI > 30 | 14 (13.9%) | 6 (10.3%) | 7 (21.9%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0.282 |
| Smoking | 22 (21.2%) | 14 (24.1%) | 5 (15.2%) | 3 (23.1%) | 0.591 |
| ASA score ≥ 3 | 15 (15.0%) | 10 (17.5%) | 5 (15.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.326 |
| Cardiovascular medication | 47 (44.3%) | 25 (42.4%) | 15 (44.1%) | 7 (53.8%) | 0.752 |
| Diabetic medication | 5 (4.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 2 (5.9%) | 2 (15.4%) | 0.101 |
| Syst. corticosteroid medication | 6 (5.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 5 (14.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.021 |
| Obstructive lung disease | 10 (9.4%) | 6 (10.2%) | 3 (8.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.952 |
| Tumor characteristics | |||||
| Rectal primary | 71 (67.0%) | 36 (61.0%) | 24 (70.6%) | 11 (84.6%) | 0.226 |
| N+ disease | 66 (62.3%) | 40 (67.8%) | 21 (61.8%) | 5 (38.5%) | 0.142 |
| Diameter CRLM in cm (median, IQR) | 2.2 (1.5–3.5) | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 2.0 (1.2–3.3) | 1.7 (0.9–2.7) | 0.092 |
| >1 CRLM | 74 (69.8%) | 34 (57.6%) | 34 (100%) | 6 (46.2%) | <0.001 |
| Bilobar disease | 35 (33.0%) | 7 (11.9%) | 26 (76.5%) | 2 (15.4%) | <0.001 |
| Preoperative factors | |||||
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 69 (66.0%) | 34 (57.6%) | 28 (82.4%) | 7 (53.8%) | 0.036 |
| Low clinical risk score (0–2) [21] | 57 (53.8%) | 33 (55.9%) | 15 (44.1%) | 9 (69.2%) | 0.268 |
| Surgery | |||||
| Surgery > 8 hours | 58 (55.2%) | 32 (54.2%) | 20 (58.8%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.846 |
| Blood loss > 500ml | 49 (48.5%) | 25 (45.5%) | 17 (50.0%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.705 |
| Extent of liver surgery | <0.001 | ||||
| ≥ 3 segments | 28 (26.4%) | 23 (39.0%) | 5 (14.7%) | - | |
| 1 or 2 segments | 18 (17.0%) | 12 (20.3%) | 6 (17.6%) | - | |
| Local treatment | 60 (56.6%) | 24 (40.7%) | 23 (67.6%) | 13 (100%) | |
| • Wedge resection | 24 | 24 | - | - | |
| • RFA | 13 | - | - | 13 | |
| • RFA + wedge resection | 23 | - | 23 | - | |
| Type of colorectal surgery | 0.460 | ||||
| APR | 24 (22.6%) | 12 (20.3%) | 7 (20.6%) | 5 (38.5%) | |
| LAR | 48 (44.3%) | 25 (42.4%) | 17 (50.0%) | 6 (38.5%) | |
| Colon | 34 (33.0%) | 22 (37.3%) | 10 (29.4%) | 2 (23.1%) |
RFA = radiofrequency ablation, APR = abdominoperineal resection, LAR = low anterior resection, N+ = lymph node positive primary tumor, ASA-score = American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification system.
Cardiovascular medication includes: regulators of blood pressure and anticoagulants.
Diabetic medication includes: insulin derivatives and DM type 2 variants (e.g. metformin, tolbutamide).
Obstructive lung disease is defined as COPD and/or asthma.