Fig 8. Influence of mannan as an inhibitor of MR on cytokine productions in co-culture system of BMDCs and CD4⁺ T cells.

(A) Percentages of IL-4 positive or IFN-γ positive CD4⁺ T cells detected by FACS. After 30 min pre-incubation with 1 mg/ml mannan, BMDCs were stimulated with 1 μg/ml LPS and 40 μg/ml CsTPs for 24 hours. 1×10⁴ pre-treated BMDCs were then co-cultured with 1×10⁵ MACS-sorted CD4⁺ T cells for 10 d. The T cells were intracellular stained with APC-conjugated anti-IL-4 and PE-conjugated anti-IFN-γ. Representative results were shown as dot plots. (B)Statistical analysis of the ratio of single positive IL-4⁺ or IFN-γ⁺ CD4⁺ T cells. (C) Measurement of IL-13 Level by using ELISA. The supernatants were harvested from the above co-culture system after 10 d. IL-13 level was assayed. These results are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-sided paired Student’s t-test (no significant difference, P>0.05 vs. LPS group).