Table 3.
Risk Ratios (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Offspring Obesity Stratified by the Type of Delivery in the Previous Pregnancy. Data from the Growing Up Today Study, 1996–2011.
| Delivery Mode | Obesity | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Obese/participants (%) | RR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Previous cesarean section (n=2,815) | |||
| Repeat Cesarean | 313/2,032 (15%) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (Model 1)1 | 66/783 (8%) | 0.69 (0.53, 0.83) | 0.005 |
| Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (Model 2)2 | 66/783 (8%) | 0.71 (0.55, 0.91) | 0.008 |
| Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (Model 3)3 | 66/783 (8%) | 0.73 (0.58, 0.91) | 0.005 |
| Previous Vaginal Delivery (n=12,815) | |||
| Successive Vaginal Delivery | 1,322/11,537 (11%) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Cesarean Delivery (Model 1)1 | 184/1,278 (14%) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) | 0.090 |
| Cesarean Delivery (Model 2)2 | 184/1,278 (14%) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) | 0.100 |
| Cesarean Delivery (Model 3)3 | 184/1,278 (14%) | 1.17 (1.01, 1.35) | 0.038 |
Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, race (white, other), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI group (<18.5, 18.5–24.99, 25–29.99, 30+ kg/m2), maternal height, gestational diabetes (yes, no), preeclampsia (yes, no), pregnancy induced hypertension(yes, no), child sex (male, female), year of birth (<=1984, 1985–1989, >1989), gestational age at delivery (<37, 37–39, 40–42, 43+ weeks), birth order, birth weight group (<5, 5–6.9, 7–8.4,8.5–9.9, 10+ lbs), pre-pregnancy smoking (never, past, current) and region of residence at birth (Northeast, Midwest, West, South).
Adjusted for the same covariates in model 1 but modeling pre-pregnancy BMI as a continuous variable with a linear term and a quadratic term instead of categorical.
Propensity-score based estimate using a marginal structural model where the probability of undergoing a cesarean section was predicted for each woman based on these same factors and subsequently used to weight each observation using stabilized weights.