Table 4.
Within-family Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Offspring Obesity Associated With Cesarean vs. Vaginal Delivery. Data from the Growing Up Today Study, 1996–2011
| Variable | Within-family analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Obese/participants (%) | OR (95%CI) | ||
| Overall | |||
| Vaginal Delivery | 1,091/10,155 (11%) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Cesarean Delivery (Model 1)* | 417/2,748 (15%) | 1.64 (1.08, 2.48) | 0.02 |
| 9–18 years old | |||
| Vaginal Delivery | 719/10,113 (7%) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Cesarean Delivery (Model 1)* | 301/2,739 (11%) | 1.67 (1.01, 2.76) | 0.044 |
| 19–28 years old | |||
| Vaginal Delivery | 677/6,714 (10%) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Cesarean Delivery (Model 1)* | 233/1,772 (13%) | 1.72 (0.89, 3.32) | 0.107 |
Conditional logistic regression model adjusted for maternal age at delivery, race (white, other), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI group (<18.5, 18.5–24.99, 25–29.99, 30+ kg/m2), gestational diabetes (yes, no), preeclampsia (yes, no), pregnancy induced hypertension(yes, no), child sex (male, female), year of birth (<=1984, 1985–1989, >1989), gestational age at delivery (<37, 37–39, 40–42, 43+ weeks), previous Cesarean section(yes, no), birth order, birth weight group (<5, 5–6.9, 7–8.4,8.5–9.9, 10+ lbs), pre-pregnancy smoking (never, past, current) and region of residence at birth (Northeast, Midwest, West, South).